Impact of Environmental Instability on Convective Precipitation Uncertainty Associated with the Nature of the Rimed Ice Species in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme
Impact of Environmental Instability on Convective Precipitation Uncertainty Associated with the Nature of the Rimed Ice Species in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme
复制标题
环境不稳定对与体微物理方案中霜冰种类性质相关的对流降水不确定性的影响
DOI：
10.1175/mwr-d-13-00036.1
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
K. Weverberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Weverberg
尽管有许多研究致力于研究深对流模拟对微物理方案中霜冰种类特性的敏感性，但对于影响的性质尚未达成共识。考虑到改进定量降水预报的需要，云建模社区更好地理解这些不同结论的原因并了解这些敏感性与数值天气预报的相关性至关重要。这项研究探讨了环境条件和风暴类型对降水模拟对霜冰种类（霰或冰雹）性质的敏感性的影响。超级单体/多单体和飑线的理想化 3D 模拟已在不同的热力学环境中进行。研究表明，对于足够长的模拟周期（0.2小时），含霰弹和含雹风暴产生的域平均地表降水量比许多年的研究表明的更为相似。虽然霰弹上升到更高的高度，并且在高空的停留时间比冰雹更长，但这些模拟表明，大部分霰弹最终到达地表，并且含雹风暴和霰风暴的地表降水率趋同。然而，环境条件对于这种敏感性的大小起着重要作用。就域平均表面降水而言，大 CAPE 环境中的风暴（美国中西部的典型风暴）比低 CAPE 环境中的风暴（欧洲的典型风暴）对霜冻物种的性质更敏感。超级单体/多单体比飑线对空间降水分布和峰值降水量方面的霜状冰种性质更敏感，不考虑CAPE的量。
Despite a number of studies dedicated to the sensitivity of deep convection simulations to the properties of the rimed ice species in microphysics schemes, no consensus has been achieved on the nature of the impact. Considering the need for improved quantitative precipitation forecasts, it is crucial that the cloud modeling community better understands the reasons for these differing conclusions and knows the relevance of these sensitivities for the numerical weather prediction. This study examines the role of environmental conditions and storm type on the sensitivity of precipitation simulations to the nature of the rimed ice species (graupel or hail). Idealized 3D simulations of supercells/multicells and squall lines have been performed in varying thermodynamic environments. It has been shown that for simulation periods of sufficient length (.2h), graupel-containing and hail-containing storms produce domain-averaged surface precipitation that is more similarthanmanyearlierstudiessuggest.Whilegraupelisloftedtohigheraltitudesandhasalongerresidence time aloft than hail, these simulations suggest that most of this graupel eventually reaches the surface and the surface precipitation rates of hail- and graupel-containing storms converge. However, environmental conditions play an important role in the magnitude of this sensitivity. Storms in large-CAPE environments (typical of storms in the U.S. Midwest) are more sensitive than their low-CAPE counterparts (typical of storms in Europe) to the nature of the rimed ice species in terms of domain-average surface precipitation. Supercells/multicells are more sensitive than squall lines to the nature of the rimed ice species in terms of spatial precipitation distribution and peak precipitation, disregarding of the amount of CAPE.