The Evolution of Marsupial and Monotreme Chromosomes
The Evolution of Marsupial and Monotreme Chromosomes
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DOI：
10.1159/000339433
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Rens, W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deakin, J. E.;Graves, J. A. M.;Rens, W.
有袋类和单孔目哺乳动物填补了脊椎动物进化史上3.1亿年前爬行动物-哺乳动物分化和1.05亿年前真兽目（胎盘类）哺乳动物分化之间的重要空白。它们拥有许多独特的特征，包括它们独特的染色体，在有袋动物中，染色体通常非常大，并且在物种之间保存良好。单孔目动物的染色体组分为几个大染色体和许多小染色体，具有复杂的性染色体系统，在雄性减数分裂中形成易位链。分子细胞遗传学技术的应用极大地促进了我们对有袋动物染色体进化的理解，并允许重建祖先有袋动物的核型。染色体彩绘和基因定位在解决单孔目动物染色体组型，特别是复杂的性染色体系统的研究中发挥了至关重要的作用。在这里，我们讨论了显着的洞察核型进化提供了最近测序的有袋类和单孔类基因组与细胞遗传学分析相结合，这提供了一个更好的理解的事件，不仅塑造了有袋类和单孔类基因组，但所有哺乳动物的基因组。版权所有（C）2012 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Marsupial and monotreme mammals fill an important gap in vertebrate phylogeny between reptile-mammal divergence 310 million years ago (mya) and the eutherian (placental) mammal radiation 105 mya. They possess many unique features including their distinctive chromosomes, which in marsupials are typically very large and well conserved between species. In contrast, monotreme genomes are divided into several large chromosomes and many smaller chromosomes, with a complicated sex chromosome system that forms a translocation chain in male meiosis. The application of molecular cytogenetic techniques has greatly advanced our understanding of the evolution of marsupial chromosomes and allowed the reconstruction of the ancestral marsupial karyotype. Chromosome painting and gene mapping have played a vital role in piecing together the puzzle of monotreme karyotypes, particularly their complicated sex chromosome system. Here, we discuss the significant insight into karyotype evolution afforded by the combination of recently sequenced marsupial and monotreme genomes with cytogenetic analysis, which has provided a greater understanding of the events that have shaped not only marsupial and monotreme genomes, but the genomes of all mammals. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel