Parental and developmental temperature effects on the thermal dependence of fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
Parental and developmental temperature effects on the thermal dependence of fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01287.x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Huey, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilchrist, GW;Huey, RB
跨代效应是指亲本表型或环境对后代表型的非遗传影响。这种影响是经常观察到的，但其适应意义在很大程度上是悬而未决的。我们研究了在不同温度下，在实验室种群的果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）中，亲代温度对后代适应性的跨代影响（通过连续转移试验估计）。父母饲养在18 degreesC，25 degreesC，或29 degreesC（T-par），然后他们的后代饲养在18 degreesC，25 degreesC，或29 degreesC（T-off），以评估几个竞争的假设（包括自适应），涉及父母和后代的温度对后代的适应性的相互作用。结果清楚地表明，较热的父母更好;换句话说，父母的温度越高，其后代的适应度越高，与后代的热环境无关。这些数据与自适应跨代假设相矛盾，该假设提出，当后代的热制度与父母相匹配时，后代的适应性最大。拥有热父母的苍蝇具有高适应性，似乎是因为它们自己的后代发育相对较快，而不是因为它们在生命早期具有较高的繁殖力。
Cross-generational effects refer to nongenetic influences of the parental phenotype or environment on offspring phenotypes. Such effects are commonly observed, but their adaptive significance is largely unresolved. We examined cross-generational effects of parental temperature on offspring fitness (estimated via a serial-transfer assay) at different temperatures in a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster. Parents were reared at 18 degreesC, 25 degreesC, or 29 degreesC (T-par) and then their offspring were-reared at 18 degreesC, 25 degreesC, or 29 degreesC (T-off) to evaluate several competing hypotheses (including an adaptive one) involving interaction effects of parental and offspring temperature on offspring fitness. The results clearly show that hotter parents are better; in other words, the higher the temperature of the parents, the higher the fitness of their offspring, independent of offspring thermal environment. These data contradict the adaptive cross-generational hypothesis, which proposes that offspring fitness is maximal when the offspring thermal regime matches the parental one. Flies with hot parents have high fitness seemingly because their own offspring develop relatively quickly, not because they have higher fecundity early in life.