NOVEL HAEMOPROTEUS SPECIES (HAEMOSPORIDA: HAEMOPROTEIDAE) FROM THE SWALLOW-TAILED GULL (LARIIDAE), WITH REMARKS ON THE HOST RANGE OF HIPPOBOSCID-TRANSMITTED AVIAN HEMOPROTEIDS
NOVEL HAEMOPROTEUS SPECIES (HAEMOSPORIDA: HAEMOPROTEIDAE) FROM THE SWALLOW-TAILED GULL (LARIIDAE), WITH REMARKS ON THE HOST RANGE OF HIPPOBOSCID-TRANSMITTED AVIAN HEMOPROTEIDS
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DOI：
10.1645/ge-3007.1
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Parker, Patricia G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Levin, Iris I.;Valkiunas, Gediminas;Parker, Patricia G.
血变形菌（Haemoproteus）jenniae n.（血孢子虫目：根据其血液阶段的形态和线粒体细胞色素B（cyt B）基因的片段，描述了来自加拉帕戈斯鸟，燕尾鸥Creagrus furcatus（Charadriiformes，Laridae）的血蛋白。H. jenniae的发育是围绕核的配子体占据了感染红细胞的所有胞质空间，并且存在高级的、生长的配子体，其中表膜紧密贴附于红细胞被膜，但不延伸到红细胞核。这种寄生虫与产生类似配子体并寄生于Laridae密切相关物种的Haemoproteus lame不同。jenniae血变形菌与H. Lame主要是由于（1）年轻配子体的主要变形虫轮廓，（2）不具有可区分的核仁的弥散性大配子体核，（3）色素颗粒的一致大小和形状，以及（4）配子体中不存在杆状色素颗粒。此外，发育完全的H. jenniae引起感染红细胞宽度明显增大和宿主细胞变圆，而H.劳拉系统发育分析确定了与H. jenniae，并表明这种寄生虫是更密切的关系，比库蠓属传播（Hippoboscidae）物种。传播的鸟类血蛋白（蠓科）物种。形态分化良好的H. jenniae和与军舰鸟（Fregatidae，Pelecaniformes）的寄生虫密切相关的、由寄生虫传播的岩血变形杆菌（Haemoproteusiwa）的同源性仅为0.6%，这些寄生虫的cyt h序列仅相差1个碱基对。这是第一个例子，这样一个小的遗传差异，在细胞色素B基因之间的亚属血变形菌。在酪蛋白水解蛋白酶C基因的一个片段（ClpC）中，H. jenniae和H.两个.这项研究证实了这一结论，即由食蟹猴传播的血变形杆菌寄生虫不仅感染鸽形目鸟类，而且感染属于鹈鹕形目和形目的海鸟。因此，在区分禽血变形菌属的亚属时，应谨慎使用脊椎动物宿主范围，而基于cyt B基因的同源性分析为确定禽血蛋白类的亚属位置提供了依据。
Haemoproteus (Haemoproteus) jenniae n. sp. (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) is described from a Galapagos bird, the swallow-tailed gull Creagrus furcatus (Charadriiformes, Laridae), based on the morphology of its blood stages and segments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. The most distinctive features of H. jenniae development are the circumnuclear gametocytes occupying all cytoplasmic space in infected erythrocytes and the presence of advanced, growing gametocytes in which the pellicle is closely appressed to the erythrocyte envelope but does not extend to the erythrocyte nucleus. This parasite is distinguishable from Haemoproteus lame, which produces similar gametocytes and parasitizes closely related species of Laridae. Haemoproteus jenniae can be distinguished from H. lame primarily due to (1) the predominantly amoeboid outline of young gametocytes, (2) diffuse macrogametocyte nuclei which do not possess distinguishable nucleoli, (3) the consistent size and shape of pigment granules, and (4) the absence of rod-like pigment granules from gametocytes. Additionally, fully-grown gametocytes of H. jenniae cause both the marked hypertrophy of infected erythrocytes in width and the rounding up of the host cells, which is not the case in H. larae. Phylogenetic analyses identified the DNA lineages that are associated with H. jenniae and showed that this parasite is more closely related to the hippoboscid-transmitted (Hippoboscidae) species than to the Culicoides spp.-transmitted (Ceratopogonidae) species of avian hemoproteids. Genetic divergence between morphologically well-differentiated H. jenniae and the hippoboscid-transmitted Haemoproteus iwa, the closely related parasite of frigatebirds (Fregatidae, Pelecaniformes), is only 0.6%; cyt h sequences of these parasites differ only by I base pair. This is the first example of such a small genetic difference in the cyt b gene between species of the subgenus Haemoproteus. In a segment of caseinolytic protease C gene (ClpC), genetic divergence is 4% between H. jenniae and H. two. This study corroborates the conclusion that hippoboscid-transmitted Haemoproteus parasites infect not only Columbiformes birds but also infect marine birds belonging to Pelecaniformes and Charadriiformes. We conclude that the vertebrate host range should be used cautiously in identification of subgenera of avian Haemoproteus species and that the phylogenies based on the cyt b gene provide evidence for determining the subgeneric position of avian hemoproteids.