The dosimetry system DS86 and the neutron discrepancy in Hiroshima – historical review, present status, and future options
The dosimetry system DS86 and the neutron discrepancy in Hiroshima – historical review, present status, and future options
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剂量测量系统 DS86 和广岛的中子差异——历史回顾、现状和未来选择
DOI：
10.1007/s004110050131
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
E. Nolte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Rühm;A. Kellerer;G. Korschinek;T. Faestermann;K. Knie;G. Rugel;K. Kato;E. Nolte
概述了广岛和长崎放射量测定系统从原子弹爆炸后立即到1987年DS86放射量测定系统发表的历史发展，并总结了所谓广岛中子差异的现状。讨论了几种长寿命放射性核素是由原子弹爆炸的中子产生的。到目前为止，除了63ni之外，这些放射性核素还没有在广岛和长崎的样本中被测量过。其中铜样品中的63Ni和花岗岩样品中的39ar主要是由快中子产生的。63Ni可以用充满气体的分析磁铁的加速器质谱法测定。在不久的将来，它应该可以在距广岛震源1500米的铜样品中测量。39ar可以通过低水平的β计数来测量。在距震源1000米的范围内，这应该是可行的。三种放射性核素，10Be，14C和59ni，主要由热中子产生，由于超热中子和快中子的存在，热中子的比例较小，在离震源较远的地方，热中子的贡献越来越大。最先进的加速器质谱法可能允许测定震源附近的10be和距离约1000米的14c。根据充满气体的磁铁的加速器质谱法，ni应该可以在距离约1000米的地方检测到。测量10be，14C,39Ar，59Ni -可能还有131xe -可以在已经分析过36cl，41Ca,60Co，152Eu和154eu的相同花岗岩样品中进行。这将提供在指定位置的中子谱的广泛信息，并且可以想象在其他位置的花岗岩样品上进行类似的完整分析。
The historical development of the dosimetry systems for Hiroshima and Nagasaki is outlined from the time immediately after the A-bomb explosions to the publication of the dosimetry system DS86 in 1987, and the present status of the so-called Hiroshima neutron discrepancy is summarized. Several long-lived radionuclides are discussed with regard to their production by neutrons from the A-bomb explosions. With the exception of63Ni, these radionuclides have not, up to now, been measured in samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Two of them,63Ni in copper samples and39Ar in granite samples, were predominantly produced by fast neutrons.63Ni can be determined by accelerator mass spectrometry with a gas-filled analyzing magnet. It should be measurable, in the near future, in copper samples up to 1500 m from the hypocenter in Hiroshima.39Ar can be measured in terms of low-level beta-counting. This should be feasible up to a distance of about 1000 m from the hypocenter. Three radionuclides,10Be,14C , and59Ni, were produced predominantly by thermal neutrons with smaller fractions due to the epithermal and fast neutrons, which contribute increasingly more at larger distances from the hypocenter. State-of-the-art accelerator mass spectrometry is likely to permit the determination of10Be close to the hypocenter and of14C up to a distance of about 1000 m.59Ni should be detectable up to a distance of about 1000 m in terms of accelerator mass spectrometry with a gas-filled magnet. The measurements of10Be,14C,39Ar,59Ni – and potentially of131Xe – can be performed in the same granitic sample that was already analyzed for36Cl,41Ca,60Co,152Eu, and154Eu. This will provide extensive information on the neutron spectrum at the specified location, and similarly complete analyses can conceivably be performed on granite samples at other locations.
波西宏美：健康物理学。
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