Dietary fibre: consensus and controversy.
Dietary fibre: consensus and controversy.
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膳食纤维：共识与争议。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bijlani Rl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bijlani Rl
技术进步减少和改善了人类的植物性食物摄入量，从而使膳食纤维（DF）的消费量空前下降。某些疾病选择性地出现在受这种饮食变化影响最大的地区，这使得人们对DF功能的认识有所提高。DF是一组异质物质，它们抵抗人体肠道内源酶的消化，尽管它们在很大程度上被大肠的细菌植物群发酵。DF的主要化学成分为纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶，主要由非淀粉多糖和木质素组成。DF的生理效应主要归因于其理化性质。DF主要影响胃肠道（GI）功能;其影响可在从摄入到排便的所有阶段观察到。它限制热量摄入，显示胃和小肠运输，并影响消化酶的活性和胃肠道激素的释放。其总体影响是轻微但持续地降低营养物质的表观消化率。在大肠中，DF加速运输，支持细菌生长并用于保持水分。结果，粪便重量和含水量增加，运输时间通常变短。其次是胃肠道效应，DF减轻餐后高血糖，并对葡萄糖耐量和脂蛋白代谢有长期影响。这些作用在便秘及其后遗症包括憩室病、胆固醇结石、结直肠癌、肥胖、糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化的病因学中具有重要意义。DF传统上用于治疗便秘;现在它在糖尿病中的应用也很好。在过去的二十年里，我们对DF在人类营养中的作用的认识发生了重大变化。从植物性食物的多余成分，它现在已经移动到必需营养素的位置，缺乏它似乎有严重的后果。
Technological advances have reduced and refined man's plant food intake and consequently brought about an unprecedented decline in his consumption of dietary fibre (DF). The emergence of certain diseases selectively in regions which have been affected the most by this dietary change has led to an enhanced awareness of the functions of DF. DF is a heterogeneous group of substances which resist digestion by the endogenous enzymes of the human gut, although they are fermented to a substantial extent by the bacterial flora of the large intestine. Chemically, DF essentially consists of nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin, and its major constituents are cellulose, hemicelluose, lignin and pectin. The physiological effects of DF are attributable largely to its physicochemical properties. DF primarily affects gastrointestinal (GI) function; its effects are observable at all stages from ingestion through defaecation. It restricts caloric intake, shows gastric and small intestinal transit, and affects the activity of digestive enzymes and release of GI hormones. Its overall impact is to reduce apparent digestibility of nutrients marginally but consistently. In the large intestine, DF accelerates transit, supports bacterial growth and serves to hold water. As a result, the faecal weight and water content increase, and the transit time generally becomes shorter. Secondary to its GI effects, DF attenuates postprandial glycaemia and has long term effects on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein metabolism. These effects have important implications in the aetiopathogenesis of constipation and its sequelae including diverticulosis, cholesterol gallstones, colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. DF has traditionally been used therapeutically for constipation; now its use in diabetes is also well established. Our appreciation of the role of DF in human nutrition has undergone a major change in the last two decades. From a redundant constituent of plant foods, it has now moved to the position of an essential nutrient, the deficiency of which seems to have serious consequences.