Age and the availability of inferences.
Age and the availability of inferences.
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DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.7.1.56
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发表时间：
1992-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Verneda P. Hamm;L. Hasher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Verneda P. Hamm;L. Hasher
年龄差异的推断可用性和记忆进行了研究，使用快速决策程序和线索回忆。年轻人和老年人阅读的段落直接暗示了一个目标推理或一个不正确的，竞争性的推理，然后才最终支持目标推理。在文章的关键点，受试者判断一系列单词中的每一个，包括目标或竞争推理，是否与他们当前的解释一致。虽然这两个群体都同意最终的目标推理，年轻人和老年人表现出不同的模式的推断的可用性和修订。老年人表现出更广泛和更持久的激活替代解释，也表现出较低水平的推理回忆。这些发现可以通过一个框架来解释，该框架提出了控制工作记忆内容的抑制机制中与年龄相关的故障（Hasher & Zacks，1988）。
Age differences in inference availability and memory were investigated using a speeded decision procedure and cued recall. Younger and older adults read passages that directly suggested either a target inference or an incorrect, competing inference before finally supporting the target inference. At critical points in a passage, subjects judged whether each of a series of words, including either the target or competing inference, was consistent with their current interpretation. Although both groups agreed on the final target inference, younger and older adults showed different patterns of inference availability and revision. Older adults showed broader and more sustained activation of alternative interpretations and also showed lower levels of inference recall. These findings are interpretable by a framework that proposes age-related breakdowns in inhibitory mechanisms that control the contents of working memory (Hasher & Zacks, 1988).