Black and White Tokens in Academia: A Difference of Chronic Versus Acute Distinctiveness1
Black and White Tokens in Academia: A Difference of Chronic Versus Acute Distinctiveness1
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学术界的黑白标记：慢性与急性的区别1
DOI：
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01662.x
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Y. F. Niemann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Pollak;Y. F. Niemann
象征性地位效应，也被称为独特性，包括种族/性别意识、代表性和责任感。在这项由多方法三部分组成的研究中，作者认为，在白人占主导地位的大学里，黑人学生会感到长期的与众不同，而白人学生在数量上属于少数时，可能会感到非常独特。然而，这种鲜明的独特性是因具体情况而异的。首先，一项初步研究证实，黑人女性和白人女性在报告独特性方面有所不同。研究1表明，黑人学生长期感觉自己与众不同，他们在课堂上常常是“独行侠”。研究二试图通过实验操纵群体独唱状态来分离种族和独唱状态对区别性的影响。结果表明，独唱状态和种族对独唱条件下的区别感有显著的主效应。讨论了这项研究在表征文献和区别性理论中的应用。
Token status effects, also called distinctiveness, include feelings of racial/gender awareness, representativeness, and accountability. In this multimethod three-part research, it is argued that Black students in a predominantly White university feel chronically distinctive, whereas White students may feel acutely distinctive when they are in the numerical minority. However, this acute distinctiveness is situation specific. First a pilot study confirmed that Black and White females differ in their reports of distinctiveness. Study 1 showed that Black students feel chronically distinctive and that they are often “solos” in classrooms. Study 2 tried to separate race and solo status effects on distinctiveness by experimentally manipulating group solo status. Results indicate a main effect for solo status and also a main effect for race on feelings of distinctiveness across solo conditions. Applications of this research for the token literature and for distinctiveness theory are discussed.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
STEELE, CM;ARONSON, J
通讯作者：
ARONSON, J
边缘和正念：社交互动中的异常行为。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Frable,DE;Blackstone,T;Scherbaum,C
通讯作者：
Scherbaum,C