Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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DOI：
10.1128/9781683670261.ch9
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lu Huang;E. Nazarova;D. Russell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lu Huang;E. Nazarova;D. Russell
结核分枝杆菌已经发展成为一种传染性病原体导致死亡的唯一最大原因。该病原体在其感染周期的大部分时间都在吞噬细胞内的人类宿主中度过。该细菌已经进化到阻止其吞噬体的正常成熟和酸化，并驻留在与早期内体网络相邻的空泡中。细胞因子介导的宿主细胞活化可以克服这种阻断，并且一系列抗菌反应可以限制其存活。M的生存。结核病在其宿主细胞中主要由脂肪酸和胆固醇提供燃料。M.结核菌降解固醇是一种不寻常的代谢特征，可能是从一个嗜酸性的祖先保留下来的。荧光M的最新结果。结核病报告菌株证明细菌存活率随宿主巨噬细胞群体而不同。组织驻留肺泡巨噬细胞，这是偏向于一个交替激活，M2样表型，比单核细胞衍生的，炎性，M1样间质巨噬细胞更允许细菌生长。在这些不同的吞噬细胞群体中细菌的差异生长似乎与宿主细胞代谢有关。
Mycobacterium tuberculosishas evolved to become the single greatest cause of death from an infectious agent. The pathogen spends most of its infection cycle in its human host within a phagocyte. The bacterium has evolved to block the normal maturation and acidification of its phagosome and resides in a vacuole contiguous with the early endosomal network. Cytokine-mediated activation of the host cell can overcome this blockage, and an array of antimicrobial responses can limit its survival. The survival ofM. tuberculosisin its host cell is fueled predominantly by fatty acids and cholesterol. The ability ofM. tuberculosisto degrade sterols is an unusual metabolic characteristic that was likely retained from a saprophytic ancestor. Recent results with fluorescentM. tuberculosisreporter strains demonstrate that bacterial survival differs with the host macrophage population. Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, which are biased towards an alternatively activated, M2-like phenotype, are more permissive to bacterial growth than monocyte-derived, inflammatory, M1-like interstitial macrophages. The differential growth of the bacterium in these different phagocyte populations appears to be linked to host cell metabolism.