Children's reasoning about norms and traits as motives for behavior
Children's reasoning about norms and traits as motives for behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.05.004
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Shiverick, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalish, CW;Shiverick, SM
社会判断的两个重要信息来源是人格倾向（特质）和社会规范。现有的研究表明，年幼的孩子并不认为这些特征是突出的。他们在多大程度上依赖不同的信息来源？两个实验探讨了偏好（某人喜欢什么）和规则（允许或禁止什么）的信息如何影响社会判断。五奥尔兹的孩子预测人们未来的行为将符合规则，但似乎对有关偏好的信息不敏感。对于8岁的孩子来说，偏好是比规则更好的预测因素。年龄较大的儿童和成年人一致认为，演员会想要，并乐于满足偏好，而不是规则。年龄较小的孩子更有可能使用规则来推断人们的心理状态。结果是一致的假设，道义关系，如规则和规范发挥了核心作用，在幼儿的社会认知，与个人的心理倾向的想法出现在童年中期。(C)2004年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Two important sources of information for social judgments are personality dispositions (traits) and social norms. Existing research suggests that young children do not find traits salient. To what extent might they rely on a different source of information? Two experiments explored how information about preferences (what someone likes) and rules (what is allowed or forbidden) affected social judgments. Five-year-olds predicted people's future behavior would be consistent with rules, but appeared insensitive to information about preferences. Preferences were better predictors than rules for 8-year-olds. Older children and adults consistently judged that actors would want to, and be happy to, satisfy preferences rather than rules. Younger children were more likely to use rules to infer people's psychological states. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that deontic relations, such as rules and norms play a central role in young children's social cognition, with ideas of individual psychological dispositions emerging in middle childhood. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.