The New Toxicology of Sophisticated Materials: Nanotoxicology and Beyond
The New Toxicology of Sophisticated Materials: Nanotoxicology and Beyond
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfq372
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Philbert, Martin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maynard, Andrew D.;Warheit, David B.;Philbert, Martin A.
人们早就认识到物质的物理形态可以调节其毒性石棉状物质、工业气溶胶和环境颗粒物对健康的影响就是最好的例子。然而，在过去的20年里，毒理学研究表明，纳米级材料的物理化学与生物相互作用之间存在着复杂的、以前未被认识到的联系。随着纳米技术领域的迅速崛起以及日益复杂的纳米级材料的设计和生产，了解这些材料的物理形态和化学组成如何协同相互作用以确定毒性变得越来越重要。因此，一个新的研究领域出现了纳米毒理学。该领域的研究突出了材料物理化学性质在如何理解剂量，如何以定量数据解释和比较的方式表征材料，以及材料如何在生物系统中移动，相互作用和转化方面的重要性。然而，目前纳米毒理学研究的重点是许多相对简单的材料，它们是复杂材料新时代的先锋。在接下来的50年里，将需要了解日益复杂的材料的毒理学，这些材料具有新颖，动态和多方面的功能。如果毒理学界要应对确保安全使用这种新一代物质的挑战，就需要超越“纳米”毒理学，走向复杂材料的新毒理学。在这里，我们简要概述了纳米材料毒理学的科学现状，并重点介绍了未来50年将变得越来越重要的复杂材料所带来的三个新兴的基于毒理学的挑战：识别相关材料进行研究，物理化学表征和生物相互作用。
It has long been recognized that the physical form of materials can mediate their toxicity-the health impacts of asbestiform materials, industrial aerosols, and ambient particulate matter are prime examples. Yet over the past 20 years, toxicology research has suggested complex and previously unrecognized associations between material physicochemistry at the nanoscale and biological interactions. With the rapid rise of the field of nanotechnology and the design and production of increasingly complex nanoscale materials, it has become ever more important to understand how the physical form and chemical composition of these materials interact synergistically to determine toxicity. As a result, a new field of research has emerged-nanotoxicology. Research within this field is highlighting the importance of material physicochemical properties in how dose is understood, how materials are characterized in a manner that enables quantitative data interpretation and comparison, and how materials move within, interact with, and are transformed by biological systems. Yet many of the substances that are the focus of current nanotoxicology studies are relatively simple materials that are at the vanguard of a new era of complex materials. Over the next 50 years, there will be a need to understand the toxicology of increasingly sophisticated materials that exhibit novel, dynamic and multifaceted functionality. If the toxicology community is to meet the challenge of ensuring the safe use of this new generation of substances, it will need to move beyond "nano" toxicology and toward a new toxicology of sophisticated materials. Here, we present a brief overview of the current state of the science on the toxicology of nanoscale materials and focus on three emerging toxicology-based challenges presented by sophisticated materials that will become increasingly important over the next 50 years: identifying relevant materials for study, physicochemical characterization, and biointeractions.