MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE OBSERVATIONAL CONDITIONING OF FEAR
MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE OBSERVATIONAL CONDITIONING OF FEAR
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.122.1.23
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发表时间：
1993-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
COOK, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MINEKA, S;COOK, M
三个实验支持这一假设，即参与恐惧的观察条件反射(OC)的机制类似于直接的经典条件反射机制，涉及有机体试图检测其环境的因果结构。实验1是一项相关分析，显示模型猴子在蛇试验中的恐惧行为(无条件刺激[US])与观察猴子在观看模型恐惧时的恐惧(无条件反应)高度相关。在实验2中，所有的观察者在观察模型的恐惧时都表现出了苦恼，但在随后的实验中，只有能够看到模型对其做出反应的蛇的观察者才继续表现出恐惧，这表明模型的恐惧是一个容易居住的美国。在实验3中，观察者在1次OC训练后获得了对蛇的显著恐惧，这表明那些能够看到蛇的实验2观察者的持续恐惧可能反映了他们自己对蛇的后天恐惧。
Three experiments support the hypothesis that mechanisms involved in observational conditioning (OC) of fear are similar to those of direct classical conditioning and involve the organism attempting to detect the causal structure ot its environment. Experiment 1, a correlational analysis, shows that model monkeys' fear behaviors on snake trials (unconditioned stimulus [US]) were highly correlated with observer monkeys' fear (unconditioned response) while watching the models' fear. In Experiment 2, all observers showed distress while watching the model's fear during Session 1 of OC, but only observers who could see the snake to which the model was reacting continued to show fear during subsequent OC sessions, suggesting that the model's fear is an easily habituable US. In Experiment 3, observers acquired significant fear of snakes after 1 OC session, indicating that the continued fear of those Experiment 2 observers that could see the snake may reflect their own acquired fear of snakes.