MRI and MRS of the human brain at magnetic fields of 14 T to 20 T: Technical feasibility, safety, and neuroscience horizons
MRI and MRS of the human brain at magnetic fields of 14 T to 20 T: Technical feasibility, safety, and neuroscience horizons
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.067
复制
发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Bird, Mark D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Budinger, Thomas F.;Bird, Mark D.
本文的三个目标是：1)评估在未来几年内将磁通密度（磁场）提高到14t并最终达到20t的技术改进；2)强调这些进步带来的神经科学机会；以及，3)在非常高的性能水平下评估与MRI相关的生理和生物物理效应。最近磁体技术的重大进步，包括超导体的发展，使神经科学的目标在当代磁场中无法实现。脑神经科学的十个领域包括：功能磁共振成像（BOLD）分辨率的潜在改进、扩散加权磁共振成像、神经束造影、敏感性加权磁共振成像、与人类行为相关的神经元结构模式、小脑生化物质的质子光谱、化学交换饱和转移（CEST）、动态对比增强MRI、使用C-13、O-17和P-31进行的脑部能量代谢；使用Na-23， Cl-35和K-39进行脑电解质生理检查。生理现象和安全方面包括：吸收射频功率、声压级、感应电场、洛伦兹力、磁流体动力以及细胞和组织中的生物物理现象。在可行的情况下，对超过7 T的磁场的影响进行量化，得出的结论是，在高达20 T的磁场下，大脑MRI和MRS的技术或人体安全方面没有可预见的障碍。这一结论是基于推荐的实验结果，以验证超过9.4 T的生理效应的预测水平。
The three goals of this paper are: 1) to evaluate the improvements in technology for increasing magnetic flux density (magnetic field) to 14 T in the next few years and eventually to 20 T; 2) to highlight neuroscience opportunities enabled by these advances; and, 3) to evaluate the physiological and biophysical effects associated with MRI at very high performance levels. Substantial recent advances in magnet technology including superconductor developments enable neuroscience goals that are not obtainable at contemporary magnetic fields. Ten areas of brain neuroscience include potential improvements in resolution for functional MRI(BOLD), diffusion weighted MRI, tractography, susceptibility weighted MR, neuronal architecture patterns related to human behavior, proton spectroscopy of small brain biochemicals, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, brain energy metabolism using C-13, O-17, and P-31; and brain electrolyte physiology using Na-23, Cl-35, and K-39.Physiological phenomena and safety aspects include: absorbed RF power, acoustic sound pressure levels, induced electric fields, Lorentz forces, magnetohydrodynamic forces, and biophysical phenomena in cells and tissues. Where feasible, effects are quantified for magnetic fields beyond 7 T with the conclusion that there are no foreseen barriers either in the technical or human safety aspects of brain MRI and MRS at fields up to 20 T. This conclusion is conditioned on results of recommended experiments to verify the predicted level of physiological effects beyond 9.4 T.This technology is predicted to enable quantification of biochemical components of the functioning brain not detectable heretofore.