New roles for model genetic organisms in understanding and treating human disease: report from the 2006 Genetics Society of America meeting.
New roles for model genetic organisms in understanding and treating human disease: report from the 2006 Genetics Society of America meeting.
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模型遗传生物在理解和治疗人类疾病中的新作用：2006 年美国遗传学会会议的报告。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/172.4.2025
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Waterston,Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spradling,Allan;Ganetsky,Barry;Hieter,Phil;Johnston,Mark;Olson,Maynard;Orr-Weaver,Terry;Rossant,Janet;Sanchez,Alejandro;Waterston,Robert
通过过去对模式生物基因组的理解和操作，基础生物学知识和获取这些知识的技术已经取得了不可估量的进步。细菌、酵母菌、蠕虫、苍蝇、老鼠、植物和其他模式的效用是否已经达到顶峰，人类是否准备好成为未来的模式生物？美国遗传学会最近召开了2006年会议，题为“遗传分析：人类生物学的模式生物”，以探讨遗传研究的未来作用。（由于时间限制，会议无法讨论模式原核生物研究的重大贡献和未来潜力。）事实上，近年来，基于模式生物的研究的潜力已经大幅增长。基因组学革命揭示了从酵母到人类的真核生物的细胞和组织之间的潜在统一。目前还没有发现人类独有的生物机制。这种共同的进化遗产使得利用基因易处理的生物体来模拟人类医学疾病的重要方面成为可能，这些疾病包括癌症、出生缺陷、神经功能障碍、生殖衰竭、营养不良和衰老，这些系统适合快速而强大的实验。以这种方式应用模型系统将使我们能够识别人类医疗条件下的共同基因、蛋白质和过程。它将使我们能够系统地破译影响复杂多基因疾病的基因-基因和基因-环境相互作用。最重要的是，疾病模型有可能解决我们收集人类遗传数据的能力与有效地解释和应用这些数据之间日益扩大的差距。如果模式生物研究得到这些目标的支持，我们可以期待使用来自多个系统的信息来诊断和治疗人类疾病，并建立在地球生命统一历史上的医学科学。
Fundamental biological knowledge and the technology to acquire it have been immeasurably advanced by past efforts to understand and manipulate the genomes of model organisms. Has the utility of bacteria, yeast, worms, flies, mice, plants, and other models now peaked and are humans poised to become the model organism of the future? The Genetics Society of America recently convened its 2006 meeting entitled “Genetic Analysis: Model Organisms to Human Biology” to examine the future role of genetic research. (Because of time limitations, the meeting was unable to cover the substantial contributions and future potential of research on model prokaryotic organisms.) In fact, the potential of model-organism-based studies has grown substantially in recent years. The genomics revolution has revealed an underlying unity between the cells and tissues of eukaryotic organisms from yeast to humans. No uniquely human biological mechanisms have yet come to light. This common evolutionary heritage makes it possible to use genetically tractable organisms to model important aspects of human medical disorders such as cancer, birth defects, neurological dysfunction, reproductive failure, malnutrition, and aging in systems amenable to rapid and powerful experimentation. Applying model systems in this way will allow us to identify common genes, proteins, and processes that underlie human medical conditions. It will allow us to systematically decipher the gene–gene and gene–environment interactions that influence complex multigenic disorders. Above all, disease models have the potential to address a growing gap between our ability to collect human genetic data and to productively interpret and apply it. If model organism research is supported with these goals in mind, we can look forward to diagnosing and treating human disease using information from multiple systems and to a medical science built on the unified history of life on earth.