The epidemiology and diagnostic issues in preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A review
The epidemiology and diagnostic issues in preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A review
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DOI：
10.1097/00001163-200604000-00004
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Angold, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egger, HL;Kondo, D;Angold, A
本研究旨在回顾 2 至 5 岁儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的疾病分类学和流行病学。对主要在社区或儿科诊所环境中进行的研究进行了审查。在使用DSM诊断标准的研究中，学龄前儿童ADHD的患病率为2.0%至7.9%，其中多动冲动型和复合型ADHD明显高于单纯注意力不集中型ADHD。男孩和年龄较大的学龄前儿童（4 岁和 5 岁的孩子与 2 岁和 3 岁的孩子）更有可能符合 ADHD 的标准。患有多动症的学龄前儿童与成人和其他儿童的关系、家庭内外的功能以及认知和学业表现均受到严重损害。患有多动症的学龄前儿童更有可能符合其他精神疾病的标准，而那些符合其他精神疾病标准的人比单独患有多动症的学龄前儿童受到更严重的损害。尽管损害很严重，但只有约四分之一患有 ADHI 的学龄前儿童被转介接受心理健康评估或治疗。学龄前多动症可预测未来的多动症和持续性障碍。患有多动症的学龄前儿童看起来与患有多动症的大龄儿童具有相似的症状表现、相关特征和预后。这些研究结果表明，DSM-IV-TR ADHD 对于 2 至 5 岁儿童来说是可靠且有效的诊断。
This study aims to review the nosology and epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 2 through 5 years. Studies, primarily in community or pediatric clinic settings, were reviewed. In studies using DSM diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of ADHD in preschool children ranges from 2.0% to 7.9%, with hyperactive-impulsive type and combined type significantly more common than pure inattentive type ADHD. Boys and older preschoolers (4- and 5-year-olds vs 2- and 3-year-olds) are more likely to meet criteria for ADHD. Preschoolers with ADHD are significantly impaired in their relationships with adults and other children, in their functioning at home and outside the home, and in cognitive and academic performance. Preschoolers with ADHD are significantly more likely to meet criteria for other psychiatric disorders and those who do meet criteria for other psychiatric disorders are more severely impaired than preschoolers with ADHD alone. Despite the severity of impairment, only about a quarter of preschoolers with ADHI) are referred for mental health evaluation or treatment. Preschool ADHD predicts future ADHD and persistent impairment. Preschoolers with ADHD look like older children with ADHD with similar symptom presentations, associated features, and prognosis. These findings suggest that DSM-IV-TR ADHD is a reliable and valid diagnosis for children aged 2 through 5 years.