Avian trait specialization is negatively associated with urban tolerance
Avian trait specialization is negatively associated with urban tolerance
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.07356
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发表时间：
2020-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Morelli, Federico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Callaghan, Corey T.;Benedetti, Yanina;Morelli, Federico
具有广泛生态位宽度的通才物种通常与城市环境有关，而专业物种可能最容易受到城市化进程的影响。但是，量化性状专业化（即生态位宽度）和城市容忍度之间的关系的研究通常在方法上是有限的，与可重复的强大的方法，以容易地量化这种关系在不同的地区和时间尺度往往缺乏。我们的目标是使用新的方法来量化性状专业化和城市容忍度之间的关系在一个广泛的空间尺度。我们使用了类似于200万公民科学观察和空间定位这些与遥感VIIRS夜间光值和一种新的连续测量物种的性状专业化为256种欧洲鸟类。我们发现鸟类的城市耐受性和整体专业化指数之间呈负相关。巢址生态位宽度与较高的城市容忍度分数呈显著负相关。我们的研究结果强调，具有高度特征专业化的物种可能在城市生态系统中持续存在的能力较低，因此，在新的城市生态系统中可能面临最大的风险。我们认为，特征专业化可以作为一个代理城市环境所造成的风险程度，以一个给定的物种。
Generalist species - with their wide niche breadths - are often associated with urban environments, while specialist species are likely to be most at-risk of increasing urbanization processes. But studies which quantify the relationship between trait specialization (i.e. niche breadth) and urban tolerance are generally methodologically limited, with repeatable robust methods to easily quantify this relationship among different regions and time scales often lacking. Our objective was to use novel methods to quantify the relationship between trait specialization and urban tolerance over a broad spatial scale. We used similar to 2 million citizen science observations and spatially intersected these with remotely-sensed VIIRS night-time light values and a novel continuous measure of a species' trait specialization for 256 European bird species. We found a negative relationship between avian urban tolerance and an overall specialization index. Nesting site niche breadth was especially negatively associated with higher urban tolerance scores. Our results highlight that species with a high degree of trait specialization likely have a lower capacity to persist in urban ecosystems, and hence, could be most at-risk in novel urban ecosystems. We suggest that trait specialization can be used as a proxy for the degree of risk posed by urban environments to a given species.