The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear.
The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.042
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发表时间：
2011-01-11
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Tranel, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feinstein, Justin S;Adolphs, Ralph;Damasio, Antonio;Tranel, Daniel
尽管临床观察表明杏仁核受损的人有异常的恐惧反应和减少的恐惧体验，但这些印象还没有得到系统的研究。为了解决这一差距，我们对一位罕见的人类患者SM进行了一项新的研究，他有局限性的双侧杏仁核病变。为了在SM中激起恐惧，我们让她接触到活生生的蛇和蜘蛛，带她参观了一座闹鬼的房子，并播放了她激动人心的电影。在任何情况下，SM都没有表现出恐惧，她从来没有支持过感觉超过最低限度的恐惧。同样，通过大量的自我报告问卷，三个月的真实生活经验样本，以及充满创伤事件的生活史，SM反复证明没有明显的恐惧表现和整体贫困的恐惧经历。尽管SM没有恐惧，但她能够表现出其他基本的情绪，并体验各自的感受。这些发现支持了这样的结论，即人类的杏仁核在触发恐惧状态方面起着关键作用，而这种状态的缺失本身就排除了恐惧的体验。
Although clinical observations suggest that humans with amygdala damage have abnormal fear reactions and a reduced experience of fear, these impressions have not been systematically investigated. To address this gap, we conducted a new study in a rare human patient, SM, who has focal bilateral amygdala lesions. To provoke fear in SM, we exposed her to live snakes and spiders, took her on a tour of a haunted house, and showed her emotionally evocative films. On no occasion did SM exhibit fear and she never endorsed feeling more than minimal levels of fear. Likewise, across a large battery of self-report questionnaires, three months of real-life experience sampling, and a life history replete with traumatic events, SM repeatedly demonstrated an absence of overt fear manifestations and an overall impoverished experience of fear. Despite her lack of fear, SM is able to exhibit other basic emotions and experience the respective feelings. The findings support the conclusion that the human amygdala plays a pivotal role in triggering a state of fear, and that the absence of such a state precludes the experience of fear itself.