Muon counting using silicon photomultipliers in the AMIGA detector of the Pierre Auger observatory
Muon counting using silicon photomultipliers in the AMIGA detector of the Pierre Auger observatory
复制标题
使用皮埃尔奥格天文台 AMIGA 探测器中的硅光电倍增管进行 μ 介子计数
DOI：
10.1088/1748-0221/12/03/p03002
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
F. Zuccarello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. P. A. C. A. Aab;P. Abreu;M. Aglietta;E. Ahn;I. A. Samarai;I. Albuquerque;I. Allekotte;P. Allison;A. Almela;J. A. Castillo;J. Alvarez;M. Ambrosio;G. A. Anastasi;L. Anchordoqui;B. Andrada;S. Andringa;C. Aramo;F. Arqueros;N. Arsene;Hernán Asorey;P. Assis;J. Aublin;G. Avila;A. Badescu;A. Bălăceanu;C. Baus;J. Beatty;K. Becker;J. Bellido;C. Bérat;M. Bertaina;X. Bertou;P. Biermann;P. Billoir;J. Biteau;S. Blaess;A. Blanco;J. Blažek;C. Bleve;M. Boh'avcov'a;D. Boncioli;C. Bonifazi;N. Borodai;A. Botti;J. Brack;I. Brancus;T. Bretz;A. Bridgeman;F. Briechle;P. Buchholz;A. Bueno;S. Buitink;M. Buscemi;K. Caballero;B. Caccianiga;L. Caccianiga;A. Cancio;F. Canfora;L. Caramete;R. Caruso;A. Castellina;G. Cataldi;L. Cazon;R. Cester;A. Chavez;A. Chiavassa;J. Chinellato;J. Chudoba;R. Clay;R. Colalillo;A. Coleman;L. Collica;M. Coluccia;R. Conceiccao;F. Contreras;M. Cooper;S. Coutu;C. Covault;J. Cronin;R. Dallier;S. D'Amico;B. Daniel;S. Dasso;K. Daumiller;B. Dawson;R. M. Almeida;S. Jong;G. D. Mauro;J. D. M. Neto;I. Mitri;J. D. Oliveira;V. Souza;J. Debatin;L. Peral;O. Deligny;C. D. Giulio;A. Matteo;M. L. D. Castro;F. Diogo;C. Dobrigkeit;J. D'Olivo;A. Dorofeev;R. Anjos;M. Dova;A. Dundović;J. Ebr;R. Engel;M. Erdmann;M. Erfani;C. Escobar;J. Espadanal;A. Etchegoyen;H. Falcke;K. Fang;G. Farrar;A. Fauth;N. Fazzini;B. Fick;J. M. Figueira;A. Filevich;A. Filipvcivc;O. Fratu;M. Freire;T. Fujii;A. Fuster;B. Garc'ia;D. García;F. Gat'e;H. Gemmeke;A. Gherghel;P. Ghia;U. Giaccari;M. Giammarchi;M. Giller;D. Glas;C. Glaser;H. Glass;G. Golup;M. G. Berisso;P. Vitale;N. Gonz'alez;B. Gookin;J. Gordon;A. Gorgi;P. Gorham;P. Gouffon;A. Grillo;T. D. Grubb;F. Guarino;G. Guedes;M. Hampel;P. Hansen;D. Harari;T. Harrison;J. Harton;Q. Hasankiadeh;A. Haungs;T. Hebbeker;D. Heck;P. Heimann;A. Hervé;G. Hill;C. Hojvat;E. Holt;P. Homola;J. Horandel;P. Horváth;M. Hrabovsk'y;T. Huege;J. Hulsman;A. Insolia;P. G. Isar;I. Jandt;S. Jansen;J. Johnsen;M. Josebachuili;A. Kaapa;O. Kambeitz;K. Kampert;P. Kasper;I. Katkov;B. Keilhauer;E. Kemp;R. Kieckhafer;H. Klages;M. Kleifges;J. Kleinfeller;R. Krause;N. Krohm;D. Kuempel;G. K. Mezek;N. Kunka;A. Awad;D. LaHurd;L. Latronico;M. Lauscher;P. Lautridou;P. Lebrun;R. Legumina;M. Oliveira;A. Letessier;I. Lhenry;K. Link;L. Lopes;R. L'opez;A. L. Casado;Q. Luce;A. Lucero;M. Malacari;M. Mallamaci;D. Mandát;P. Mantsch;A. Mariazzi;I. Marics;G. Marsella;D. Martello;H. Martinez;O. M. Bravo;J. Meza;H. Mathes;S. Mathys;J. Matthews;J. Matthews;G. Matthiae;E. Mayotte;P. Mazur;C. Medina;G. Medina;D. Melo;A. Menshikov;S. Messina;M. Micheletti;L. Middendorf;I. Minaya;L. Miramonti;B. Mitrica;D. Mockler;L. Molina;S. Mollerach;F. Montanet;C. Morello;M. Mostaf'a;G. Muller;M. Muller;S. Muller;I. Naranjo;S. Navas;L. Nellen;J. Neuser;P. Nguyen;M. Niculescu;M. Niechciol;L. Niemietz;T. Niggemann;D. Nitz;D. Nosek;V. Novotny;H. Novzka;L. N'unez;L. Ochilo;F. Oikonomou;A. Olinto;D. P. Selmi;M. Palatka;J. Pallotta;P. Papenbreer;G. Parente;A. Parra;T. Paul;M. Pech;F. Pedreira;J. Pkekala;R. Pelayo;J. Peña;L. Pereira;L. Perrone;C. Peters;S. Petrera;J. Phuntsok;R. Piegaia;T. Pierog;P. Pieroni;M. Pimenta;V. Pirronello;M. Platino;M. Plum;C. Porowski;R. Prado;P. Privitera;M. Prouza;E. Quel;S. Querchfeld;S. Quinn;R. Ramos;J. Rautenberg;O. Ravel;D. Ravignani;D. Reinert;B. Revenu;J. Řídký;M. Risse;P. Ristori;V. Rizi;W. Carvalho;G. R. Fernandez;J. Rojo;M. D. Rodr'iguez;D. Rogozin;J. Rosado;M. Roth;E. Roulet;A. Rovero;S. Saffi;A. Săftoiu;H. Salazar;A. Saleh;F. Greus;G. Salina;J. D. Gomez;F. S'anchez;P. Sanchez;E. Santos;E. Santos;F. Sarazin;B. Sarkar;R. Sarmento;C. Sarmiento;R. Sato;C. Scarso;M. Schauer;V. Scherini;H. Schieler;D. Schmidt;O. Scholten;P. Schov'anek;F. Schroder;A. Schulz;J. Schulz;J. Schumacher;S. Sciutto;A. Segreto;M. Settimo;A. Shadkam;R. Shellard;G. Sigl;G. Silli;O. Sima;A. Śmiałkowski;R. vSm'ida;G. Snow;P. Sommers;S. Sonntag;J. Sorokin;R. Squartini;D. Stanca;S. Stanivc;J. Stasielak;F. Strafella;F. Suarez;M. S. Dur'an;T. Sudholz;T. Suomijarvi;A. Supanitsky;M. Sutherland;J. Swain;Z. Szadkowski;O. Taborda;A. Tapia;A. Tepe;V. M. Theodoro;C. Timmermans;C. T. Peixoto;L. Tomankova;B. Tom'e;A. Tonachini;G. T. Elipe;D. T. Machado;M. Torri;P. Trávníček;M. Trini;R. Ulrich;M. Unger;M. Urban;A. Valbuena;J. F. V. Galicia;I. Valiño;L. Valore;G. V. Aar;P. Bodegom;A. M. Berg;A. V. Vliet;E. Varela;B. V. C'ardenas;G. Varner;J. R. V'azquez;R. V'azquez;D. Veberivc;V. Verzi;J. Vícha;L. Villaseñor;S. Vorobiov;H. Wahlberg;O. Wainberg;D. Walz;A. Watson;M. Weber;A. Weindl;L. Wiencke;H. Wilczy'nski;T. Winchen;D. Wittkowski;B. Wundheiler;S. Wykes;L. Yang;D. Yelós;A. Yushkov;E. Zas;D. Zavrtanik;M. Zavrtanik;A. Zepeda;B. Zimmermann;M. Ziolkowski;Z. Zong;F. Zuccarello
AMIGA（地面阵列的俄歇 μ 子和填充）是皮埃尔俄歇天文台的升级版，旨在扩展其探测能量范围并直接测量宇宙射线初级粒子簇射的 μ 子含量。该阵列将由与用于μ介子计数的掩埋闪烁计数器相关联的地表水切伦科夫探测器的填充构成。每个计数器由三个闪烁模块组成，每个模块的检测面积为 10 m2。本文提出了新一代探测器，用硅光电传感器（又名 SiPM）取代当前的多像素光电倍增管（PMT）。解释了新器件及其前端电子器件的选择。详细介绍了确保检测器性能的计数系统校准方法。该方法的优点是能够在远程位置（例如部署探测器的地方）进行。高效率结果，即最高测试过压的效率为 98%，加上意外计数的概率较低 (∼2%)，显示了该新系统的良好性能。
AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory designed to extend its energy range of detection and to directly measure the muon content of the cosmic ray primary particle showers. The array will be formed by an infill of surface water-Cherenkov detectors associated with buried scintillation counters employed for muon counting. Each counter is composed of three scintillation modules, with a 10 m2 detection area per module. In this paper, a new generation of detectors, replacing the current multi-pixel photomultiplier tube (PMT) with silicon photo sensors (aka. SiPMs), is proposed. The selection of the new device and its front-end electronics is explained. A method to calibrate the counting system that ensures the performance of the detector is detailed. This method has the advantage of being able to be carried out in a remote place such as the one where the detectors are deployed. High efficiency results, i.e. 98% efficiency for the highest tested overvoltage, combined with a low probability of accidental counting (∼2%), show a promising performance for this new system.