The Institutionalization of Political Power in Africa
The Institutionalization of Political Power in Africa
复制标题
非洲政治权力的制度化
DOI：
10.1353/jod.2007.0053
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
D. J. Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel N. Posner;D. J. Young
在整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区，正式的制度规则正变得比过去重要得多，并取代了暴力，成为约束高管行为的主要来源。从20世纪60年代早期到80年代的非殖民化，大多数非洲统治者通过政变、暗杀或其他形式的暴力推翻而下台。然而，自1990年以来，大多数人都是通过制度化的方式离开的——主要是在宪法规定的任期结束时自愿辞职或在选举中失败。虽然体制规则可能并不总是决定今天非洲的结果，但这些规则持续而可靠地影响着实现这些结果的战略。
Across sub-Saharan Africa, formal institutional rules are coming to matter much more than they used to, and have displaced violence as the primary source of constraints on executive behavior. From decolonization in the early 1960s through the 1980s, most African rulers left office through a coup, assassination, or some other form of violent overthrow. Since 1990, however, the majority have left through institutionalized means—chiefly through voluntary resignation at the end of a constitutionally defined term or by losing an election. While institutional rules may not yet always determine outcomes in Africa today, such rules are consistently and dependably affecting the strategies through which those outcomes are reached.