Orbital and Intracranial Effects of Microgravity: Findings at 3-T MR Imaging
Orbital and Intracranial Effects of Microgravity: Findings at 3-T MR Imaging
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DOI：
10.1148/radiol.12111986
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.7
通讯作者：
Hamilton, Douglas R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kramer, Larry A.;Sargsyan, Ashot E.;Hamilton, Douglas R.
目的：为了确定眶内和颅内异常的宇航员以前暴露于微重力通过使用定量和定性磁共振（MR）techniques.Materials和Methods：机构审查委员会批准了这符合健康保险责任法案，回顾性审查，并放弃了知情同意的要求。27名宇航员（平均年龄6岁标准差，48岁+/- 4.5）进行了3-T MR成像，使用薄切片，三维，轴向T2加权眼眶和传统的大脑序列。八名宇航员在太空执行额外的使命后接受了重复成像。在椎板后视神经中定量视神经鞘直径（ONSD）和视神经直径（OND）。OND和中央视神经T2高信号在眼眶中部定量。对视神经鞘、视盘、后地球仪和垂体形态进行定性分析，并与脑积水、血管源性水肿、中心静脉血栓形成和/或肿块病变的颅内证据相关。统计分析包括配对t检验，曼-惠特尼非参数检验组比较，克朗巴赫α系数的再现性，和皮尔逊相关系数。结果：所有宇航员以前暴露于微重力，因此，控制数据无法比较。ONSD和OND的范围分别为4.7至10.8 mm（平均值，6.2 mm +/- 1.1）和2.4至4.5 mm（平均值，3.0 mm +/- 0.5）。27名宇航员中有7名（26%）出现后地球仪变平，4名（15%）出现视神经突出，3名（11%）出现垂体圆顶中度倾斜伴后柄偏斜，无其他颅内异常。椎板后OND相对于ONSD线性增加（r = 0.797，Pearson相关性）。T2高信号的中央区域是可识别的26 27名宇航员（96%），并增加了直径与扭结的视神经sheaths.Conclusion：暴露于微重力可能会导致一个频谱的眶内和颅内发现类似的特发性颅内高压。(c)RSNA，2012年
Purpose: To identify intraorbital and intracranial abnormalities in astronauts previously exposed to microgravity by using quantitative and qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) techniques.Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant, retrospective review and waived the requirement for informed consent. Twenty-seven astronauts (mean age 6 standard deviation, 48 years +/- 4.5) underwent 3-T MR imaging with use of thin-section, three-dimensional, axial T2-weighted orbital and conventional brain sequences. Eight astronauts underwent repeat imaging after an additional mission in space. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and optic nerve diameter (OND) were quantified in the retrolaminar optic nerve. OND and central optic nerve T2 hyperintensity were quantified at mid orbit. Qualitative analysis of the optic nerve sheath, optic disc, posterior globe, and pituitary gland morphology was performed and correlated for association with intracranial evidence of hydrocephalus, vasogenic edema, central venous thrombosis, and/or mass lesion. Statistical analyses included the paired t test, Mann-Whitney nonparametric test for group comparisons, Cronbach alpha coefficient for reproducibility, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: All astronauts had previous exposure to microgravity and, thus, control data were not available for comparison. The ONSD and OND ranged from 4.7 to 10.8 mm (mean, 6.2 mm +/- 1.1) and from 2.4 to 4.5 mm (mean, 3.0 mm +/- 0.5), respectively. Posterior globe flattening was seen in seven of the 27 astronauts (26%), optic nerve protrusion in four (15%), and moderate concavity of the pituitary dome with posterior stalk deviation in three (11%) without additional intracranial abnormalities. Retrolaminar OND increased linearly relative to ONSD (r = 0.797, Pearson correlation). A central area of T2 hyperintensity was identifiable in 26 of the 27 astronauts (96%) and increased in diameter in association with kinking of the optic nerve sheath.Conclusion: Exposure to microgravity can result in a spectrum of intraorbital and intracranial findings similar to those in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. (c) RSNA, 2012