Dynamic landscapes and human dispersal patterns: tectonics, coastlines, and the reconstruction of human habitats
Dynamic landscapes and human dispersal patterns: tectonics, coastlines, and the reconstruction of human habitats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.019
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
King, Geoffrey C. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey, Geoffrey N.;King, Geoffrey C. P.
自然环境对人类进化的影响的研究通常集中在气候作为进化和文化变化的主要外部驱动因素。在本文中，我们专注于地球物理过程驱动的景观的物理性质的变化作为一个同样强大的因素。集中发现早期人类化石和人工制品的大多数地貌都是地质高度不稳定的地貌，或者是因为与断层和火山活动有关的特别活跃的构造过程，或者是因为靠近海岸线，地理位置和自然特征因相对海平面的变化而发生巨大变化。这些过程既可能产生有益的影响，为人类住区创造具有生态吸引力的条件，也可能产生有害或破坏性的影响，造成行动障碍，破坏生态条件或危及生存。积极因素和消极因素都可能对人类行为以及定居和迁移模式产生强有力的选择性影响。我们认为这两个方面的相互作用，开发一个框架，重建和比较的景观和景观变化在各种规模，并说明这与选定的例子来自非洲和阿拉伯。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Studies of the impact of physical environment on human evolution usually focus on climate as the main external forcing agent of evolutionary and cultural change. In this paper we focus on changes in the physical character of the landscape driven by geophysical processes as an equally potent factor. Most of the landscapes where finds of early human fossils and artefacts are concentrated are ones that have been subjected to high levels of geological instability, either because of especially active tectonic processes associated with faulting and volcanic activity or because of proximity to coastlines subject to dramatic changes of geographical position and physical character by changes of relative sea level. These processes can have both beneficial effects, creating ecologically attractive conditions for human settlement, and deleterious or disruptive ones, creating barriers to movement, disruption of ecological conditions, or hazards to survival. Both positive and negative factors can have powerful selective effects on human behaviour and patterns of settlement and dispersal. We consider both these aspects of the interaction, develop a framework for the reconstruction and comparison of landscapes and landscape change at a variety of scales, and illustrate this with selected examples drawn from Africa and Arabia. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.