Nest height, nest concealment, and predator type predict nest predation in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus)
Nest height, nest concealment, and predator type predict nest predation in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus)
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DOI：
10.1007/s11284-008-0569-y
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kleindorfer, Sonia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colombelli-Negrel, Diane;Kleindorfer, Sonia
三个因素及其交互作用越来越被认为是巢捕食的重要决定因素：巢隐蔽，巢高，捕食者类型。由于巢的可探测性和可访问性，预计巢捕食的风险在这些变量中会有所不同。然而，在一般情况下，很少有研究探讨这三个变量如何相互作用的巢捕食，而不是集中在巢隐蔽或巢高（捕食者身份通常是未知的）。在这项研究中，我们研究的作用，巢隐蔽和巢的高度巢生存使用人工和天然巢在一流的仙女，鹪鹩（Malurus cyaneus）。我们通过人造蛋上留下的痕迹和跟踪隧道上留下的脚印间接识别了潜在的捕食者。捕食水平在人工巢低于自然巢，这可能是由于一些巢捕食者在没有父母的活动提供的线索，以找到神秘的巢失败。我们的研究结果支持的预测，暴露和隐藏的巢有不同程度的巢捕食，这可以解释的捕食者类型的变化。视觉捕食者只发现在暴露的巢，从视觉捕食者的生存率较低的高巢，也暴露。然而，嗅觉捕食者被检测到，无论巢的高度或巢隐藏。由于啮齿动物使用嗅觉来定位巢穴，这可以解释在低巢的巢穴隐藏和捕食结果之间缺乏关联。此外，巢附近的啮齿动物足迹与蛋上的啮齿动物牙印显著相关。
Three factors and their interaction effects are increasingly recognized as important determinants of nest predation: nest concealment, nest height, and predator type. The risk of nest predation is predicted to vary across these variables because of nest detectability and accessibility. In general, however, few studies examine how these three variables interact in relation to nest predation, focusing instead on either nest concealment or nest height (whereby predator identity is usually not known). In this study, we examine the role of nest concealment and nest height for nest survival using both artificial and natural nests in the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus). We indirectly identified potential predators through marks left on artificial eggs and footprints left on tracking tunnels. Predation level at artificial nests was lower than at natural nests, and this could be due to a failure of some nest predators to locate cryptic nests in the absence of cues provided by parental activity. Our results supported the prediction that exposed and concealed nests have different levels of nest predation, which can be explained by variation in predator type. Visual predators were only detected at exposed nests, and survival from visual predators was lower for high nests that were also exposed. However, olfactory predators were detected irrespective of nest height or nest concealment. Because rodents use olfaction to locate nests, this could explain the lack of association between nest concealment and predation outcome at low nests. In addition, rodent footmarks near nests were significantly associated with rodent tooth marks on eggs.