EMOTION, ATTENTION, AND THE STARTLE REFLEX
EMOTION, ATTENTION, AND THE STARTLE REFLEX
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.377
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发表时间：
1990-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
CUTHBERT, BN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LANG, PJ;BRADLEY, MM;CUTHBERT, BN
这种情绪的理论模型是基于使用惊吓探测方法的研究。它解释了注意力和恐惧条件反射的探索研究中的不一致性，并为情绪感知，图像和记忆提供了一种新的方法。情绪是有组织的双相，如食欲或厌恶（防御）。与正在进行的情绪状态具有相同效价的反射被增强;不匹配的反射被抑制。因此，惊吓反应（一种厌恶反射）在恐惧状态下增强，在愉快的情绪环境下减弱。这种情感惊吓效应不是由一般唤醒、简单注意或探测模态决定的。当图片或记忆图像引起情感时，会发现这种效果，并随着厌恶条件反射而适当变化，并且可能依赖于右半球的处理。临床，神经生理学和基础研究的情绪的影响进行了概述。
This theoretical model of emotion is based on research using the startle-probe methodology. It explains inconsistencies in probe studies of attention and fear conditioning and provides a new approach to emotional perception, imagery, and memory. Emotions are organized biphasically, as appetitive or aversive (defensive). Reflexes with the same valence as an ongoing emotional state are augmented; mismatched reflexes are inhibited. Thus, the startle response (an aversive reflex) is enhanced during a fear state and is diminished in a pleasant emotional context. This affect–startle effect is not determined by general arousal, simple attention, or probe modality. The effect is found when affects are prompted by pictures or memory images, changes appropriately with aversive conditioning, and may be dependent on right-hemisphere processing. Implications for clinical, neurophysiological, and basic research in emotion are outlined.