Land Reform in the Eastern Free State: Policy Dilemmas and Political Conflicts
Land Reform in the Eastern Free State: Policy Dilemmas and Political Conflicts
复制标题
东部自由州的土地改革：政策困境和政治冲突
DOI：
10.1080/03066159608438613
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Murray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Murray
南非正在形成的土地改革政策有三个主要因素。首先是把土地归还给那些在种族隔离法律下被剥夺的人。第二是将土地重新分配给需要的人。三是权属改革，旨在实现多种权属形式下土地所有者的权属保障。“国家土地事务部主要负责这项政策，并负责处置来自重建和发展方案（RDP）的资金以执行该政策。9个省中的每一个省都从区域发展方案分配了一大笔预算，用于其土地改革试点方案，该方案通过一个省指导委员会（一个正式组成但非法定的机构）管理。2 .这些省级框架在其组成和代表性方面，或在规划和执行详细的土地改革方案和对区域政治压力作出反应的机构能力方面，绝不是统一的。在政治变化、机构责任的不确定性和相互冲突的需求的不稳定性的气候下，涉及的各种机构正在“摸索”。缺乏一致性和普遍存在的不确定性反映了许多因素。也许其中最重要的是过去土地和农业事务的不同机构责任划分遗留下来的，在过去的“地方”政府与中央和省级行政部门之间；长期拖延将“本土”政府部门和机构重新纳入各自新的省级框架；在任意时刻对特定函数的分布产生相应的混淆；不同的NGO活动历史和
There are three principal elements of South Africa's emerging land reform policy. The first is restitution of land to those who were dispossessed under apartheid laws. The second is redistribution of land to those who need it. The third is tenure reform, intended to achieve security of tenure for people holding land under diverse forms of tenure.'The national Department of Land Affairs is primarily responsible for the policy, and for the disposition of funds from the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) for its implementation. Each of the nine provinces has been allocated a substantial budget from the RDP for its Pilot Land Reform Programme, administered through a Provincial Steering Committee (PSC), a formally constituted but non-statutory body. 2 These provincial frameworks are by no means uniform in respect of their composition and representation or of their institutional capacities to plan and implement a detailed land reform programme and to respond to regional political pressures. The diverse agencies involved are'feeling their way'in a climate of political change, uncertainty over institutional responsibilities and volatility of conflicting demands.The absence of uniformity and the prevailing uncertainty reflect many factors. Perhaps the most important of these are a legacy of different divisions of institutional responsibility for land and agricultural matters in the past, between erstwhile'homeland'governments and central and provincial administrations; protracted delay over the re-integration of'homeland'government departments and agencies into their respective new provincial frameworks; corresponding confusion over the distribution of particular functions at any one time; differing histories of NGO activity and