BMP Performance Expectation Functions - A Simple Method for Evaluating Stormwater Treatment BMP Performance Data
BMP Performance Expectation Functions - A Simple Method for Evaluating Stormwater Treatment BMP Performance Data
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BMP 性能期望函数 - 评估雨水处理 BMP 性能数据的简单方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
J. Lenhart
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作者：
J. Lenhart
美国的许多监管机构都面临着必须审查BMP性能数据以进行验收和设计的问题。本文概述了一个简单的方法，分析合格的性能数据相对于机构建立的定义的性能预期。目前围绕BMP性能评估的问题是是否使用百分比去除或基于流出物的指南。对于去除百分比准则，问题是是否使用浓度或基于负荷的减少。这种方法解决了所有这些问题，允许审查者设定标准以满足污水限制、浓度和负荷减少目标。该方法包括建立基于目标流出物浓度、去除百分比和负荷减少的性能预期函数（PEF）。然后将根据既定监测方案收集的BMP监测性能数据与PEF进行比较，以去除百分比和负载为基础。残差分析允许建立BMP的置信限，满足指定的性能预期。该方法可用于TSS、TP、Ortho-P、TN和金属等污染物。引言许多监管机构都在努力为最佳管理实践（BMP）绩效设定简单而现实的目标。许多法规规定了污染物的简单去除率，例如80%的TSS去除率或80%的TSS年度总负荷减少率。一些机构使用其他参数，如65%的总磷去除要求。问题在于，这些简单的要求并不能反映BMP在现场的实际表现。在努力摆脱去除百分比要求的过程中，为BMP设定统一的流出物标准（例如20 mg/l TSS流出物）的其它尝试也是有问题的，因为持续满足这些标准所需的处理水平非常高。在某种程度上，根据定义，BMP的性能是概率性和假定性的，因此，一直期望满足污水标准的性能水平被认为是不切实际的。还有人担心，这一级别的处理和相关的维护费用太高，而且设定固定的污水标准可能会在监测和遵守方面带来复杂性。显然，这两种方法都是有问题的，但都具有有益的方面，这些方面也许可以结合起来形成BMP的简单、现实和可实现的性能标准，该标准可以增加BMP的性能。
Many regulatory agencies throughout the United States are faced with the issue of having to review BMP performance data for the purpose of acceptance and design. This paper outlines a simple method of analyzing qualified performance data relative to the defined performance expectations established by the agency. Current issues surrounding BMP performance evaluation are whether to use percent removal or effluent based guidelines. For percent removal guidelines the question is whether to use concentration or load based reduction. This method addresses all of these concerns, allows the reviewer to set criteria to meet effluent limits, concentration and load reduction goals. This method includes the establishment of a Performance Expectation Function (PEF) which is based on both target effluent concentrations, percent removals, and load reductions. Performance data from BMP monitoring which have been collected to an established monitoring protocol are then compared to the PEF on both a percent removal and load basis. Analysis of residuals allows for the establishment of confidence limits in the BMP meeting the designated performance expectations. This method can be used for pollutants such as TSS, TP, Ortho-P, TN and metals. INTRODUCTION Many regulatory agencies are struggling with how to set simple yet realistic goals for Best Management Practice (BMP) performance. Many regulations provide for simple removal rates of pollutants such as an 80% TSS removal or a total annual TSS load reduction of 80%. Some agencies use other parameters such a 65% Total Phosphorus removal requirement. What is problematic is that these simple requirements do not reflect the reality of how BMP’s actually perform in the field. In efforts to get away from percent removal requirements, other attempts at setting flat effluent standards for BMP’s (e.g. 20 mg/l TSS effluent) are also problematic in that the level of treatment required to constantly meet these standards is very high. To some degree, by definition, the performance of a BMP is probabilistic and presumptive and therefore it has not been deemed practicable to constantly expect performance levels that meet effluent standards. There are also concerns that the cost of this level of treatment and associated maintenance are too high and that setting a fixed effluent standard may introduce complexities in terms of monitoring and compliance. Clearly both of the approaches are problematic yet have beneficial aspects that perhaps could be combined to form a simple, realistic, and achievable performance standard for BMP’s that can add a