Uncertainty of Measurement: A Review of the Rules for Calculating Uncertainty Components through Functional Relationships.
Uncertainty of Measurement: A Review of the Rules for Calculating Uncertainty Components through Functional Relationships.
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测量的不确定性：通过函数关系计算不确定性分量的规则的回顾。
作者：
I. Farrance;R. Frenkel
测量数据的评估 - 测量不确定度表达指南（通常称为 GUM）提供了评估和表达测量不确定度的一般规则。当通过函数关系从其他测量值计算被测量 y 时，输入变量中的不确定性将通过计算传播到输出 y 中的不确定性。这种不确定性通过函数关系传播的方式为充分理解 GUM 提供了许多数学挑战。本次综述的目的是提供 GUM 的总体概述，并展示如何通过函数关系实现被测量不确定性的计算。也就是说，从 GUM 中概述的组合不确定性分量的一般方程开始，我们展示了如何将该一般方程应用于各种函数关系，以便导出特定函数（被测量）的输出值的组合标准不确定性。 GUM 方程可应用于任何数学形式或函数关系（实验室计算的起点），并描述不确定性从输入变量到函数输出值（实验室计算的终点或结果）的传播。建议采用基于规则的方法，并列出一些用于测量不确定度的常规计算的更常见规则。
The Evaluation of Measurement Data - Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (usually referred to as the GUM) provides general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement. When a measurand, y, is calculated from other measurements through a functional relationship, uncertainties in the input variables will propagate through the calculation to an uncertainty in the output y. The manner in which such uncertainties are propagated through a functional relationship provides much of the mathematical challenge to fully understanding the GUM.The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the GUM and to show how the calculation of uncertainty in the measurand may be achieved through a functional relationship. That is, starting with the general equation for combining uncertainty components as outlined in the GUM, we show how this general equation can be applied to various functional relationships in order to derive a combined standard uncertainty for the output value of the particular function (the measurand). The GUM equation may be applied to any mathematical form or functional relationship (the starting point for laboratory calculations) and describes the propagation of uncertainty from the input variable(s) to the output value of the function (the end point or outcome of the laboratory calculation). A rule-based approach is suggested with a number of the more common rules tabulated for the routine calculation of measurement uncertainty.