Toward a more complete view of tRNA biology
Toward a more complete view of tRNA biology
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DOI：
10.1038/nsmb.1498
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Giege, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giege, Richard
转移rna是存在于生命所有领域的古老分子。除了将遗传密码翻译成蛋白质并与氨基酰基- trna合成酶一起定义第二遗传密码外，trna还具有许多其他细胞功能。对tRNA在翻译中的作用进行了强有力的现象学观察，加上大量的序列和晶体学数据，使人们对tRNA的结构、动力学和特性有了更深入的物理化学理解。由细胞生物学数据补充的体外研究已经表明了tRNA在细胞环境中的行为，特别是在高等真核生物中。从相反的角度来看，逆向进化的考虑表明trna是如何从RNA世界作为简化结构出现的。这一观点讨论了哪些基本问题仍未得到解答，如何获得这些答案，以及如何更合理地理解tRNA的功能和功能障碍，以便在医学和生物技术中得到应用。
Transfer RNAs are ancient molecules present in all domains of life. In addition to translating the genetic code into protein and defining the second genetic code together with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNAs act in many other cellular functions. Robust phenomenological observations on the role of tRNAs in translation, together with massive sequence and crystallographic data, have led to a deeper physicochemical understanding of tRNA architecture, dynamics and identity. In vitro studies complemented by cell biology data already indicate how tRNA behaves in cellular environments, in particular in higher Eukarya. From an opposite approach, reverse evolution considerations suggest how tRNAs emerged as simplified structures from the RNA world. This perspective discusses what basic questions remain unanswered, how these answers can be obtained and how a more rational understanding of the function and dysfunction of tRNA can have applications in medicine and biotechnology.