HYBRID DWARFNESS IN WHEAT
HYBRID DWARFNESS IN WHEAT
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00043448
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
HERMSEN, JGT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HERMSEN, JGT
对小麦杂交矮化的文献进行了批判性讨论。给出了关于其遗传基础的新假设。矮化被认为是由 3 个基因 D1、D2 和 D3 的加性相互作用决定的，这 3 个基因的显性关系和对矮化表型的定量贡献不同。描述了三种矮人类型。 1 型矮化植物在其整个生命周期中都是矮化的，并且通常不产生种子。 2型矮化苗从正常幼苗开始，在分蘖时变得矮化，最后矮化死亡；有些产生种子，有些则不产生种子。 3型矮化植物以正常幼苗的形式出现，在分蘖期变成矮化植物，但一段时间后它们开始抽芽并发育成几乎甚至完全正常的植物；在F2中，矮秆的比例在生长季节期间减少。讨论了 3 种矮化类型的发生和遗传基础。根据基因型，315 个品种和品系被分为 6 个基因型类别。进行了超过 1000 次类内和类间杂交，并对 F1、F2、F3 和 BC 进行了研究。还研究了一些三重杂交和纯种矮化杂交。一般来说，获得的结果符合假设。涉及3型矮星的不稳定比率将单独讨论。从 F2 数据和牛肚杂交结果来看，矮化基因 D2 和坏死基因 Ne2（均位于染色体 2B (XIII)）的连锁很明显，其中两种形式的杂种弱点均发生。 D2 和 Ne2 之间的交叉率为 34%。概述了在小麦育种问题中使用杂交矮化的方法。讨论了 3 基因假说可能的不完整性和侏儒症的变异性。
The literature on hybrid dwarf ness in wheat is critically discussed. A new hypothesis on its genetic basis is given. Dwarfness is assumed to be determined by the additive interaction of 3 genes D1, D2 and D3, differing in dominance relations and in quantitative contribution to the dward phenotype. Three dward types are described. Type 1-dwarfs are dwarf during their whole life cycle and normally do not produce seeds. Type 2-dwarfs start as normal seedlings, become dwarfs while tillering and die dwarfs; some produce seeds, others do not. Type 3-dwarfs emerge as normal seedlings, become dwarfs during the tillering stage, but after some time they start to shoot and develop into nearly or even completely normal plants; in the F2 the proportion of dwarfs decreases during the growing season. The occurrence and genetic basis of the 3 dwarf types is discussed. On the basis of their genotype 315 varieties and lines are divided into 6 genotype-classes. Over 1000 intra- and inter-class crosses were made and F1, F2, F3, and BC studied. Also some triple crosses and crosses with pure breeding dwarfs were investigated. In general the results obtained fit the hypothesis. Unstable ratios involving type 3-dwarfs are discussed separately. Linkage of the dwarf gene D2 and the necrosis gene Ne2 (both on chromosome 2B (XIII)) was apparent from F2-data and from results of a tripe cross in which both forms of hybrid weakness occurred. Crossing-over between D2 and Ne2 is calculated to be 34%. Methods are outlined to use hybrid dwarfness in a wheat breeding probram. The possible incompleteness of the 3-gene hypothesis and the variability of dwarfness are discussed.