Abnormal sensory gating in basal ganglia disorders
Abnormal sensory gating in basal ganglia disorders
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DOI：
10.1007/s00415-005-4004-9
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Goto, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaji, R;Urushihara, R;Goto, S
基底神经节包含四到五个不同的回路，以允许并行处理信息。其中，研究最深入的是运动回路，它包括两种不同的直接和间接通路。直接通路对运动皮层产生促进作用，而间接通路对运动皮层产生抑制作用。总的来说，这种双重系统提供了一种中心（兴奋）-环绕-（抑制）机制，将其作用集中在选定的皮层神经元上，并且有几条证据表明，这种中心-环绕机制用于将输出集中在执行特定任务所需的特定肌肉群上。这种操作是通过在运动过程中为预期的感觉反馈传入打开感觉通道而实现的。因此，基底神经节的一个重要功能似乎是控制运动的感觉输入的门控。肌张力障碍可能是由感觉输入与运动输出之间的不匹配引起的，帕金森病可能被视为这种感觉-运动整合的增益控制障碍。
Basal ganglia encompass four to five distinct loops to allow parallel processing of infor- mation. Among them, the most intensively studied is the motor loop, which includes two distinct direct and indirect pathways. The direct pathway exerts facilitatory influence upon the motor cortex, whereas the indirect pathway exerts an inhibitory effect. Overall, this dual system provides a center(excitatory)-surround-(inhibitory) mechanism to focus its effect on selected cortical neurons, and several lines of evidence suggest that this center-surround mechanism is used to focus the output on a specific group of muscles required for performing a specific task. This operation is made possible through opening the sensory channel for the expected sensory feed-back afferents during movement. Thus, one of the important functions of basal ganglia seems to be the gating of sensory input for motor control. Dystonia may be caused by a mismatch between sensory input versus motor output, and parkinsonism may be viewed as a disorder of gain control of this sensorimotor integration.