Local species immigration, extinction, and turnover of butterflies in relation to habitat area and habitat isolation
Local species immigration, extinction, and turnover of butterflies in relation to habitat area and habitat isolation
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与栖息地面积和栖息地隔离相关的本地物种迁入、灭绝和蝴蝶更替
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-003-1353-x
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
T. Tscharntke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Krauss;I. Steffan‐Dewenter;T. Tscharntke
陆地生境片断中昆虫群落的时间动态研究很少。在这里，它是测试是否移民，灭绝和营业额的蝴蝶物种的变化与面积和隔离的31个石灰质草原。面积从0.03公顷到5.14公顷不等，隔离指数从2，100到86，000不等（边缘到边缘的距离为55- 1，894米）。在这两个研究年（1996年，2000年），总人数（16，466，15，101）和物种（60，54）在所有网站的采样是相似的，物种的数量增加与面积在这两年表明一个平衡。灭绝率（38%的栖息地专家对20%的通才）和营业额（51%对35%）较高，和移民率（11%对30%）栖息地专家比通才低。灭绝和周转率下降，增加片段大小的专家（n =25种）和多面手（n =36）蝴蝶，但专家表现出显着陡峭的下降，增加片段大小比多面手。移民率随着地区的增加而增加。因此，在1996年至2000年期间，栖息地专家的物种数量在小栖息地下降，但在大栖息地没有下降。栖息地隔离对蝴蝶群落没有显著影响，数据表明，大的栖息地片段对保护最濒危的蝴蝶物种特别重要。栖息地隔离似乎不太重要，因为蝴蝶可以科普我们研究区域的栖息地马赛克。
Temporal dynamics of insect communities in terrestrial habitat fragments have been rarely studied. Here it was tested whether immigration, extinction, and turnover of butterfly species change with area and isolation of 31 calcareous grasslands. The area ranged from 0.03 to 5.14 ha, the isolation index from 2,100 to 86,000 (edge-to-edge distance 55–1,894 m). In both study years (1996, 2000), the total number of individuals (16,466, 15,101) and species (60, 54) sampled across all sites were similar and number of species increased with area in both years indicating an equilibrium. Rates of extinction (38% for habitat specialists vs. 20% for generalists) and turnover (51% vs. 35%) were higher, and rates of immigration (11% vs. 30%) were lower for habitat specialists than for generalists. Extinction and turnover rates decreased with increasing fragment size for both specialist (n =25 species) and generalist (n =36) butterflies, but specialists showed a significantly steeper decrease with increasing fragment size than generalists. Immigration rates increased with area. As a result, species number of habitat specialists declined in small habitats but not in large habitats between 1996 and 2000. No significant impact of habitat isolation on the butterfly community was found. The data suggest that large habitat fragments are of special importance for the conservation of the specialized, most endangered butterfly species. Habitat isolation appears to be less important, as butterflies can cope with the habitat mosaic in our study region.