The role of in-group identification in infra-humanization
The role of in-group identification in infra-humanization
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DOI：
10.1080/00207590802057654
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Leyens, Jacques-Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demoulin, Stephanie;Cortes, Brezo P.;Leyens, Jacques-Philippe
人们倾向于通过将更多的人类本质归因于他们的内群体而不是外群体来实现非人性化。在本文中，我们专注于主情感和次情感的归属，以操作人的本质。我们建议，为了非人性化，人们需要被归类为有意义的群体。此外，我们认为，有意义的群体与无意义的群体的区别在于，人们本质化，认为群体成员共享一个潜在的、共同的本质。此外，我们假设，参与者将确定更多的情况下，有意义的群体与他们的组内。三种类型的组被创建来操纵分类的意义。参与者要么被随机分配到一个小组，要么根据他们对颜色的偏好或他们希望从事的职业类型来选择他们的小组。正如预期的那样，非人性化只发生在分类标准有意义的地方。此外，在组内识别，而不是本质主义，介导的分类标准的影响，以低于人性化的倾向。数据还显示，非人性化与经典的群体内偏爱不同。这是因为在群体成员是基于随机分配的情况下，观察到了群体内的偏袒，而不是非人性化。换句话说，要实现非人性化，仅仅进行分类是不够的;还需要有意义。要想产生群体内偏好，作为群体一部分的知识是一个充分的先决条件。讨论的重点是减少非人性化的条件，以及群体内的偏袒和群体外的贬损之间的关系。
People tend to infra-humanize by attributing more human essence to their in-group than to out-groups. In the present article, we focus on the attribution of primary and secondary emotions to operationalize the human essence. We propose that, in order to infra-humanize, people need to be categorized in meaningful groups. In addition, we argue that what differentiates meaningful from nonmeaningful groups is that the people essentialize, perceiving members of the group as sharing an underlying, common essence. Also, we hypothesize that participants will identify more with their in-group in the case of meaningful groups. Three types of groups were created to manipulate the meaningfulness of the categorization. Participants were either randomly assigned to a group or they chose their group as a function of their preferences for a colour or the type of career they wished to pursue. As expected, infra-humanization occurred only where the categorization's criterion was meaningful. In addition, in-group identification, but not essentialism, mediated the impact of the categorization criteria on the tendency to infra-humanize. Data also showed that infra-humanization is different from classic in-group favouritism. This is because in-group favouritism, but not infra-humanization, was observed in the situation where group membership was based on random assignment. In other words, for infra-humanization to occur mere categorization is not enough; meaningfulness is also needed. For in-group favouritism to arise, the knowledge of being part of a group is a sufficient prerequisite. The discussion focuses on conditions for reducing infra-humanization and on the relationship between in-group favouritism and out-group derogation.