A broadband x-ray imaging spectroscopy with high-angular resolution: the FORCE mission
A broadband x-ray imaging spectroscopy with high-angular resolution: the FORCE mission
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具有高角分辨率的宽带 X 射线成像光谱：FORCE 任务
DOI：
10.1117/12.2231262
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. W.,
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mori;Koji;Tsuru;T.;Nakazawa;K.;Ueda;Y.; Okajima;T.;Murakami;H.; Awaki;H.;Matsumoto;H.;Fukazawa;Y.;Tsunemi;H.;Takahashi;T.; Zhang;W. W.,
我们建议FORCE(专注于相对论宇宙和宇宙演化)作为未来由日本领导的X射线天文台，将于本世纪20年代中期发射。HITOMI(ASTRO-H)拥有一套灵敏的仪器，能够在软X射线波段实现最高的能量分辨率光谱，在软X射线波段和硬X射线波段实现宽带X射线成像光谱，并在软伽马射线波段实现更高的能量覆盖。FORCE是日立公司(ASTRO-H)宽带X射线成像光谱学方面的直接继承者，具有显著更高的角度分辨率。目前的FORCE设计定义了1-80keV的能带通，角分辨率为lt；15的半功率直径，实现了高于10keV的灵敏度10倍于任何以前任何同时覆盖软X射线的任务。我们的主要科学目标是通过寻找不同质量尺度的“失踪黑洞”来追踪宇宙的形成历史：“埋藏的超大质量黑洞”(>；104m☉)位于宇宙距离的星系中心，“中等质量黑洞”(102m-104m☉)作为SMBH的可能种子，以及“孤儿恒星质量黑洞”(<；102m☉)在银河系中没有伴星。除了这些丢失的玻色子外，利用高角度分辨率的宽带X射线覆盖范围，在各种天体物理冲击下寻找相对论粒子的性质也在我们的范围内。力量将开启这些领域的新纪元。这颗卫星计划与日本目前的固体燃料火箭Epsilon运载火箭一起发射。原力携带三对相同的超级反射镜和宽带X射线探测器。目前计划的焦距为10米。采用多层镀膜的硅镜是我们实现轻质、良好角度光学的首要选择。该探测器是日立(ASTRO-H)机载硬X射线成像仪(ASTRO-H)的后代，用SOI-CMOS硅像素探测器取代了硅条探测器，允许将低能量阈值扩展到1keV或更低。
We are proposing FORCE (Focusing On Relativistic universe and Cosmic Evolution) as a future Japan-lead Xray observatory to be launched in the mid 2020s. Hitomi (ASTRO-H) possesses a suite of sensitive instruments enabling the highest energy-resolution spectroscopy in soft X-ray band, a broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy in soft and hard X-ray bands, and further high energy coverage up to soft gamma-ray band. FORCE is the direct successor to the broadband X-ray imaging spectroscopy aspect of Hitomi (ASTRO-H) with significantly higher angular resolution. The current design of FORCE defines energy band pass of 1-80 keV with angular resolution of < 15 in half-power diameter, achieving a 10 times higher sensitivity above 10 keV compared to any previous missions with simultaneous soft X-ray coverage. Our primary scientific objective is to trace the cosmic formation history by searching for "missing black holes" in various mass-scales: "buried supermassive black holes (SMBHs)" (> 104M☉) residing in the center of galaxies in a cosmological distance, "intermediate-mass black holes" (102–104M☉) acting as the possible seeds from which SMBHs grow, and "orphan stellar-mass black holes" (< 102M☉) without companion in our Galaxy. In addition to these missing BHs, hunting for the nature of relativistic particles at various astrophysical shocks is also in our scope, utilizing the broadband X-ray coverage with high angular-resolution. FORCE are going to open a new era in these fields. The satellite is proposed to be launched with the Epsilon vehicle that is a Japanese current solid-fuel rocket. FORCE carries three identical pairs of Super-mirror and wide-band X-ray detector. The focal length is currently planned to be 10 m. The silicon mirror with multi-layer coating is our primary choice to achieve lightweight, good angular optics. The detector is a descendant of hard X-ray imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H) replacing its silicon strip detector with SOI-CMOS silicon pixel detector, allowing an extension of the low energy threshold down to 1 keV or even less.