A 3-D Positioning Algorithm for AOA-Based VLP With an Aperture-Based Receiver
A 3-D Positioning Algorithm for AOA-Based VLP With an Aperture-Based Receiver
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DOI：
10.1109/jsac.2017.2774478
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Steendam, Heidi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steendam, Heidi
我们考虑一个可见光定位系统，使用调制的LED在发射器和光电二极管（PD）结合在接收器的光圈。基于孔径的接收器的布局被设计为具有角度分集，这意味着它可以通过简单地比较不同PD中的接收信号强度值的相对差异来检测光来自的方向。因此，利用该接收器，可以提取光的到达角（AOA），而不需要知道发射的光功率。在本文中，我们考虑的算法，基于最大似然（ML）原则，估计的AOA，并获得接收机的位置在3-D通过三角测量。ML算法的实际实现从初始估计开始搜索AOA的最优值，如果初始估计距离真实AOA太远，则存在收敛问题。因此，我们提出了一个初始的低复杂度的AOA粗估计算法，并使算法迭代，其中在每次迭代中，AOA的初始估计更新的基础上以前的位置估计。我们表明，该算法产生厘米性能，即，10 cm或更高的精度，使用有限数量的LED，例如，四个LED，面积为5 m x 5 m。
We consider a visible light positioning system using modulated LEDs at the transmitter and photodiodes (PDs) combined with apertures at the receiver. The layout of the aperture-based receiver is designed in order to have angular diversity, implying it can detect the direction from which light is coming, by simply comparing the relative differences in received signal strength values in the different PDs. Hence, with this receiver, it is possible to extract the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the light without needing the knowledge of the transmitted optical power. In this paper, we consider an algorithm, based on the maximum likelihood (ML) principle, to estimate the AOA, and obtain the position of the receiver in 3-D through triangulation. The ML algorithm, of which the practical implementation searches for the optimal value of the AOA starting from an initial estimate, suffers from convergence problems if the initial estimate is too far from the true AOA. Hence, we propose an initial low-complexity coarse estimation algorithm for the AOA, and make the algorithm iterative, where in each iteration, the initial estimate for the AOA is updated based on the previous position estimate. We show that the algorithm yields centimeter performance, i.e., an accuracy of 10 cm or better, using a limited number of LEDs, e.g., four LEDs for a 5 m x 5 m area.