Determinants of Muscle and Bone Aging.
Determinants of Muscle and Bone Aging.
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DOI：
10.1002/jcp.25001
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Dennison E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curtis E;Litwic A;Cooper C;Dennison E
随着年龄的增长，骨骼和肌肉的损失对晚年失去独立性构成了巨大威胁。骨质疏松症是一个主要的公共卫生问题，因为它与脆性骨折有关，主要发生在髋关节、脊柱和前臂远端。肌肉减少症，即与年龄相关的肌肉质量和功能丧失，可能通过增加福尔斯风险而增加骨折风险。在肌肉老化的背景下，重要的是要记住，这不仅仅是肌肉质量的下降，这有助于肌肉功能的恶化。其他影响肌肉质量的因素包括肌肉成分、有氧能力和代谢、脂肪浸润、胰岛素抵抗、纤维化和神经激活。遗传、发育、内分泌和生活方式因素，如体育活动、吸烟和不良饮食习惯，对晚年的肌肉和骨量有双重影响，本文将对这些因素进行综述。这些包括营养不良，缺乏体育活动和吸烟，合并症或药物使用。最近的研究强调了早期环境的可能作用。炎症是一个令人兴奋的新兴研究领域，可能与未来的工作有关，包括旨在延缓逆转骨和肌肉随年龄增长而丢失的干预措施。
Loss of bone and muscle with advancing age represent a huge threat to loss of independence in later life. Osteoporosis represents a major public health problem through its association with fragility fractures, primarily of the hip, spine and distal forearm. Sarcopenia, the age related loss of muscle mass and function, may add to fracture risk by increasing falls risk. In the context of muscle aging, it is important to remember that it is not just a decline in muscle mass which contributes to the deterioration of muscle function. Other factors underpinning muscle quality come into play, including muscle composition, aerobic capacity and metabolism, fatty infiltration, insulin resistance, fibrosis and neural activation. Genetic, developmental, endocrine and lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, smoking and poor diet have dual effects on both muscle and bone mass in later life and these will be reviewed here. These include poor nutrition, lack of physical activity and cigarette smoking, comorbidities or medication use. Recent work has highlighted a possible role for the early environment. Inflammaging is an exciting emerging research field that is likely to prove relevant to future work, including interventions designed to retard to reverse bone and muscle loss with age.