Linearly Ordered Colourings of Hypergraphs

Linearly Ordered Colourings of Hypergraphs
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超图的线性有序着色

DOI:
10.1145/3570909
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
0.7
通讯作者:
Nakajima T
Nakajima T
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作者:
Nakajima T

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非均匀超图的线性有序k-着色赋{1,.,k}到每个顶点,使得在每个边中,颜色的(多)集合具有唯一的最大值。等价地,对于r = 3,如果一条边的两个顶点被赋予相同的颜色,那么第三个顶点被赋予更大的颜色(与经典的非单色着色中的不同颜色相反)。Barto,Battistelli和贝格[STACS'21]在Promise约束满足问题(PCSP)的背景下研究了3-均匀超图上的LO着色。我们证明了两个结果:第一,给定一个允许LO 2-着色的3-一致超图,我们可以在多项式时间内找到一个满足k=O(\sqrt [3]{n \log \log n / \log n} \)的LOk-着色;第二,给定一个允许LO 2-着色的r-一致超图,我们证明了对每个常数一致度r ≥k+2,找到一个LOk-着色的NP-困难性.事实上,我们确定了所有一致性r ≥ 3的多态仆从之间的关系,这揭示了r <k+2和r ≥k+2之间的关键区别,这可能是独立的兴趣。利用PCSP的代数方法,我们实际上给出了一个更一般的结果,证明了对于2 ≤kandr ≤kandr≥ k-kandr + 4,找到LO-着色一致超图的LOk-着色是NP-困难的。
A linearly ordered (LO)k-colouring of anr-uniform hypergraph assigns an integer from {1, ... ,k} to every vertex so that, in every edge, the (multi)set of colours has a unique maximum. Equivalently, forr= 3, if two vertices in an edge are assigned the same colour, then the third vertex is assigned a larger colour (as opposed to a different colour, as in classic non-monochromatic colouring). Barto, Battistelli, and Berg [STACS’21] studied LO colourings on 3-uniform hypergraphs in the context of promise constraint satisfaction problems (PCSPs). We show two results.First, given a 3-uniform hypergraph that admits an LO 2-colouring, one can find in polynomial time an LOk-colouring with \( k=O(\sqrt [3]{n \log \log n / \log n} \) .Second, given anr-uniform hypergraph that admits an LO 2-colouring, we establish NP-hardness of finding an LOk-colouring for every constant uniformityr≥k+2. In fact, we determine relationships between polymorphism minions for all uniformitiesr≥ 3, which reveals a key difference betweenr<k+2 andr≥k+2 and which may be of independent interest. Using the algebraic approach to PCSPs, we actually show a more general result establishing NP-hardness of finding an LOk-colouring for LO ℓ-colourabler-uniform hypergraphs for 2 ≤ ℓ ≤kandr≥k- ℓ + 4.
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