The response of wild bees to tree cover and rural land use is mediated by species' traits
The response of wild bees to tree cover and rural land use is mediated by species' traits
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.032
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bennett, Andrew F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hall, Mark A.;Nimmo, Dale G.;Bennett, Andrew F.
在世界范围内，蜜蜂通过其传粉者的角色在生态系统功能和提供生态系统服务方面发挥着重要作用。农村景观中蜜蜂种类的多样性受到现有景观特征类型、土地利用和管理实践的影响。一个关键的挑战是理解和预测物种如何在景观中变化；以及功能性状在决定组成模式中的作用。本文系统地对澳大利亚南部乡村景观中开放农田、分散农田树木、路边植被和河边植被四种景观特征中的野生蜜蜂进行了采样。景观的选择代表了这些场地类型的树木或非树木组合（例如，有树木或没有树木的路边植被），嵌入不同土地用途的农田（例如，种植、放牧）。蜜蜂的物种丰富度和丰度在很少或没有树木覆盖的地点更大；无树生境的物种累积丰富度高于有树生境。相比之下，树木立地类型的物种均匀度最高，表明这些类型较少受到丰富的通才物种的支配。开阔农田和无树路旁的功能多样性（基于物种特征）高于树木繁茂的立地类型。在景观的开放部分，物种性状的强关联较多，反映了开放立地类型的功能多样性较大。这些结果表明，一套现存的蜜蜂动物群可以利用从以前广泛的树木生态系统到开放的农业景观的大规模转变。然而，并非所有物种都能利用经过改造的景观，它们可能会随着树木植被的进一步减少而消失。基于特征的方法可以深入了解景观格局的变化如何影响蜜蜂动物群。如果不能充分满足所有景观特征中蜜蜂的多种功能群体，可能意味着依赖更多自然覆盖的物种的大量损失，从而影响生态系统功能。
Worldwide, bees have an important role in ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services through their role as pollinators. The diversity of bee species in rural landscapes is influenced by the type of landscape features present, and by land-use and management practices. A key challenge is to understand and predict how species vary across the landscape; and the role of functional traits in determining compositional patterns. We systematically sampled wild bees in four types of landscape feature - open farmland, scattered farmland trees, roadside vegetation and streamside vegetation - in rural landscapes in southern Australia. Landscapes were selected to represent wooded or non-wooded combinations of these site types (e.g. roadside vegetation with or without trees), embedded in farmland with different land-uses (e.g. cropping, grazing). The species richness and abundance of bees was greater at sites containing little or no tree cover; and the cumulative richness of species was greater for tree-less sites than for those with trees. In contrast, species evenness was greatest in wooded site types, indicating these were less dominated by abundant generalist species. Open farmland and treeless road-sides had greater functional diversity (based on species traits) than wooded site types. Strong species trait associations were more numerous with open parts of the landscape, reflecting the greater functional diversity of open site types. These results suggest that a suite of the extant bee fauna can exploit large-scale transformation from former extensively wooded ecosystems to open agricultural landscapes. However, not all species are able to exploit modified landscapes and may disappear with further loss of wooded vegetation. Trait-based approaches provide insight into how changes in landscape pattern affect the bee fauna. Failure to adequately cater for multiple functional groups of bees across all landscape features could mean a substantial loss in species that rely on more natural cover, thus affecting ecosystem function.