Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey
Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey
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DOI：
10.1109/comst.2015.2403395
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
35.6
通讯作者：
Yung, Edward Kai-Ning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Jingjin;Zhang, Yujing;Yung, Edward Kai-Ning
由于全球气候变化以及网络运营商对经济的担忧，蜂窝网络基础设施的能耗，或称绿色蜂窝网络，已成为一个热门的研究课题。虽然可以通过采用可再生能源或改进某些硬件(例如功率放大器)的设计来实现节能，但购买、更换和安装新设备的成本(包括人力、运输、正常运行的中断以及相关的能源和直接成本)往往令人望而却步。相比之下，在系统操作协议上工作的方法不需要改变当前的网络体系结构，从而使它们的成本低得多，更易于测试和实施。在这项调查中，我们首先介绍了突出绿色移动网络重要性的事实和数字，然后回顾了现有的绿色蜂窝网络研究，特别侧重于在基站中纳入“睡眠模式”概念的技术。它利用每天或每周改变流量模式的优势，有选择地将一些负载较轻的基站切换到低能耗模式。正如各种研究表明的那样，由于基站负责蜂窝网络中的大量能量消耗，这些方法具有节省大量能量的潜力。然而，值得注意的是，在已发表的论文中所作的某些简化假设引入了不准确的信息。这篇综述将讨论这些假设，特别是忽略交通负载相关因素对能源消耗影响的假设。我们在这里表明，考虑这种影响可能会导致明显低于忽略这种影响的模型中的收益。最后，对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
Due to global climate change as well as economic concern of network operators, energy consumption of the infrastructure of cellular networks, or "Green Cellular Networking," has become a popular research topic. While energy saving can be achieved by adopting renewable energy resources or improving design of certain hardware (e.g., power amplifier) to make it more energy-efficient, the cost of purchasing, replacing, and installing new equipment (including manpower, transportation, disruption to normal operation, as well as associated energy and direct cost) is often prohibitive. By comparison, approaches that work on the operating protocols of the system do not require changes to current network architecture, making them far less costly and easier for testing and implementation. In this survey, we first present facts and figures that highlight the importance of green mobile networking and then review existing green cellular networking research with particular focus on techniques that incorporate the concept of the "sleep mode" in base stations. It takes advantage of changing traffic patterns on daily or weekly basis and selectively switches some lightly loaded base stations to low energy consumption modes. As base stations are responsible for the large amount of energy consumed in cellular networks, these approaches have the potential to save a significant amount of energy, as shown in various studies. However, it is noticed that certain simplifying assumptions made in the published papers introduce inaccuracies. This review will discuss these assumptions, particularly, an assumption that ignores the effect of traffic-load-dependent factors on energy consumption. We show here that considering this effect may lead to noticeably lower benefit than in models that ignore this effect. Finally, potential future research directions are discussed.