Triple-negative breast cancers: an updated review on treatment options.
Triple-negative breast cancers: an updated review on treatment options.
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DOI：
10.3747/co.v18i4.738
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发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
K. Reddy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Reddy
肿瘤细胞的形态学特征早已被证实用于乳腺癌的临床分类，并经常被用作确定患者预后结果的“金标准”。分子标志物的鉴定，如雌激素受体（er）和孕激素受体（pgr）和人表皮生长因子受体2（her2）的表达，在确定治疗有效药物的开发目标方面发挥了重要作用，也为乳腺癌患者的治疗评估提供了额外的预测价值。最近在鉴定几种癌症相关基因方面的技术进步为鉴定乳腺癌的特定亚型提供了进一步的机会。在这些亚型中，三阴性细胞的肿瘤是通过对基本标志物如细胞角蛋白5和6的特异性染色以及缺乏er、pgr和her2表达来鉴定的。因此，三阴性乳腺癌患者的缺点是不能从目前可用的受体靶向全身治疗中获益。三阴性乳腺肿瘤妇女的治疗评估和疾病管理的最佳条件尚未在前瞻性研究中得到验证。本综述讨论了三阴性乳腺肿瘤和基底样乳腺肿瘤之间的差异，以及BRCA基因突变的作用。还关注三阴性乳腺肿瘤患者的治疗选择。
Morphologic features of tumour cells have long been validated for the clinical classification of breast cancers and are regularly used as a "gold standard" to ascertain prognostic outcome in patients. Identification of molecular markers such as expression of the receptors for estrogen (er) and progesterone (pgr) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2) has played an important role in determining targets for the development of efficacious drugs for treatment and has also offered additional predictive value for the therapeutic assessment of patients with breast cancer. More recent technical advancements in identifying several cancer-related genes have provided further opportunities to identify specific subtypes of breast cancer. Among the subtypes, tumours with triple-negative cells are identified using specific staining procedures for basal markers such as cytokeratin 5 and 6 and the absence of er, pgr, and her2 expression. Patients with triple-negative breast cancers therefore have the disadvantage of not benefiting from currently available receptor-targeted systemic therapy. Optimal conditions for the therapeutic assessment of women with triple-negative breast tumours and for the management of their disease have yet to be validated in prospective investigations. The present review discusses the differences between triple-negative breast tumours and basal-like breast tumours and also the role of mutations in the BRCA genes. Attention is also paid to treatment options available to patients with triple-negative breast tumours.