Foraging ranges of solitary bees
Foraging ranges of solitary bees
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00641.x
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Tscharntke, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gathmann, A;Tscharntke, T
1.独居蜂的栖息地要求包括筑巢地点、食物资源和筑巢材料。利用移位实验建立觅食距离，并测量觅食行程时间，分析不同生境类型下孤蜂如何科普巢址与适宜食物植物之间的距离. 16种蜂的最大觅食距离为150-600 m。觅食距离与体长呈正相关。平均觅食行程的持续时间，测量七种蜜蜂，范围从6到28分钟，也与体长。在一项研究中的pollectic物种壁蜂rufa，我们发现了一个显着的减少，在觅食行程的时间与植物物种的数量增加。Logistic回归分析表明，当诱捕巢与食物斑块的距离小于250 m时，寡食切叶蜂在诱捕巢中筑巢的概率为50%。当距最近食物斑块的距离小于300 m时，寡居的圆唇象龟利用诱捕巢。这些实验表明，独居蜜蜂有一个相当小的觅食范围，所以当地的栖息地结构似乎比大规模的景观结构更重要。维持可存活种群的所有要求必须在此范围内。因此，有必要维持和恢复景观中密集的栖息地斑块网络，以确保野生蜜蜂多样性及其作为传粉者的生态功能的长期可持续性。
1. Habitat requirements of solitary bees include nesting sites, food resources and nesting material. We used translocation experiments to establish foraging distances and measured foraging trip duration to analyse how solitary bees cope with the distance between nesting sites and suitable food plants in different habitat types.2. Maximum foraging distance between nesting site and food patch was 150-600 m for the 16 bee species examined. Foraging distance was correlated positively with body length. Mean foraging trip duration, measured for seven bee species, ranged from 6 to 28 min and was also correlated with body length. In a study of the polylectic species Osmia rufa, we found a significant decrease in foraging trip duration with increasing number of plant species. Logistic regressions showed that the oligolectic Megachile lapponica nested in trap nests with a probability of 50% if the distance between trap nest and food patch was less than 250 m. The oligolectic Chelostoma rapunculi utilized trap nests when the distance to the nearest food patch was less than 300 m.3. These experiments showed that solitary bees have a rather small foraging range so local habitat structure appears to be of more importance than large-scale landscape structure. All requirements for sustaining viable populations must be within this range. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain and restore a dense network of habitat patches in landscapes to ensure long-term sustainability of wild bee diversity and their ecological function as pollinators.