Immune Escape Strategies of Malaria Parasites.
Immune Escape Strategies of Malaria Parasites.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.01617
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Morrot A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gomes PS;Bhardwaj J;Rivera-Correa J;Freire-De-Lima CG;Morrot A
疟疾是全世界最威胁生命的传染病之一。尽管疟疾流行地区反复接触寄生虫，但对疟疾的免疫是缓慢和短暂的。疟疾寄生虫已经进化出精细的机制来逃避免疫系统，这是基于一系列遗传变化，包括等位基因变异、蛋白质的生物分子暴露和细胞内复制。所有这些特征都增加了蚊子和脊椎动物宿主的存活概率。疟原虫物种从其无脊椎媒介宿主按蚊的第一个免疫陷阱中逃脱。寄生虫必须通过蚊子体内的各种免疫屏障，如抗微生物分子和蚊子微生物群，以便成功传播到脊椎动物宿主。在这些宿主中，疟原虫在不同的生命周期阶段采用不同的免疫逃避策略。寄生虫对脊椎动物免疫应答的持久性取决于毒力因子、病理学、宿主免疫应答的代谢成本和寄生虫逃避免疫应答的能力之间的平衡。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了疟原虫寄生虫使用的策略，以避免脊椎动物宿主的免疫系统，以及它们如何促进成功的感染和传播。
Malaria is one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases worldwide. Immunity to malaria is slow and short-lived despite the repeated parasite exposure in endemic areas. Malaria parasites have evolved refined machinery to evade the immune system based on a range of genetic changes that include allelic variation, biomolecular exposure of proteins, and intracellular replication. All of these features increase the probability of survival in both mosquitoes and the vertebrate host. Plasmodium species escape from the first immunological trap in its invertebrate vector host, the Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites have to pass through various immunological barriers within the mosquito such as anti-microbial molecules and the mosquito microbiota in order to achieve successful transmission to the vertebrate host. Within these hosts, Plasmodium species employ various immune evasion strategies during different life cycle stages. Parasite persistence against the vertebrate immune response depends on the balance among virulence factors, pathology, metabolic cost of the host immune response, and the parasites ability to evade the immune response. In this review we discuss the strategies that Plasmodium parasites use to avoid the vertebrate host immune system and how they promote successful infection and transmission.