Social transmission of novel foraging behavior in bats: Frog calls and their referents
Social transmission of novel foraging behavior in bats: Frog calls and their referents
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.038
复制
发表时间：
2006-06-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Ryan, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Page, Rachel A.;Ryan, Michael J.
流唇蝙蝠 Trachops ci rhosus 使用猎物发出的声音提示（青蛙叫声）来评估猎物的适口性 [1]。先前的实验表明，带入实验室的野生T. cithrosus 能够灵活地扭转它们在猎物线索和猎物质量之间形成的关联[2]。在这里我们询问如何在自然界中实现这种灵活性。我们通过将蝙蝠分为三组来量化蝙蝠学会将有毒蟾蜍物种的叫声与可口猎物联系起来的速度：（a）社会学习，其中没有经验的蝙蝠被允许观察经验丰富的蝙蝠； (b) 社会促进，其中两只没有经验的蝙蝠一起完成实验任务； (c) 试错法，其中一只没有经验的蝙蝠单独完成实验任务。在社交学习组中，蝙蝠平均通过 5.3 次尝试就迅速获得了新的关联。在社交促进组和试错组中，大多数蝙蝠在 100 次尝试后都没有接近有毒物种的叫声。因此，一旦获得了猎物线索和猎物质量之间的新关联，就可以通过文化传播在蝙蝠种群中迅速传播。这是第一个记录捕食者对声音猎物线索的社会学习的案例。
The fringe-lipped bat, Trachops cirrhosus, uses prey-emitted acoustic cues (frog calls) to assess prey palatability [1]. Previous experiments show that wild T. cirrhosus brought into the laboratory are flexible in their ability to reverse the associations they form between prey cues and prey quality [2]. Here we asked how this flexibility can be achieved in nature. We quantified the rate at which bats learned to associate the calls of a poisonous toad species with palatable prey by placing bats in three groups: (a) social learning, in which a bat inexperienced with the novel association was allowed to observe an experienced bat; (b) social facilitation, in which two inexperienced bats were presented with the experimental task together; and (c) trial-and-error, in which a single inexperienced bat was presented with the experimental task alone. In the social-learning group, bats rapidly acquired the novel association in an average of 5.3 trials. In the social-facilitation and trial-and-error groups, most bats did not approach the call of the poisonous species after 100 trials. Thus, once acquired, novel associations between prey cue and prey quality could spread rapidly through the bat population by cultural transmission. This is the first case to document predator social learning of an acoustic prey cue.