Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people
Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people
复制标题
边缘化人群必须告知恢复优先顺序
DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-04733-x
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Veldman, Joseph W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleischman, Forrest;Coleman, Eric;Fischer, Harry;Kashwan, Prakash;Pfeifer, Marion;Ramprasad, Vijay;Rodriguez Solorzano, Claudia;Veldman, Joseph W.
决策者不应以目前的形式使用Strassburg等人1的地图和分析，因为这有可能使边缘化的人流离失所，损害粮食安全和破坏民主进程。他们的分析是基于对生物多样性潜力、碳储存潜力和成本效益之间的关系进行估值（即优化）的规范性选择，而没有考虑到生活在被确定为恢复优先事项的地区的人民的福祉和权利，也没有考虑到改变土地用途的实施成本。虽然绘制生物多样性、碳和商品价格的共同分布图可能会提供信息，但缺乏重要的社会经济价值掩盖了直接受到恢复措施影响的土著人民、以森林为生的人民和农村人民的成本和收益。我们提出了三个警示性的问题，我们认为必须回答之前，由斯特拉斯堡等人制作的地图。1被决策者用来激励和实施促进土地利用政策。我们提出的第一个问题是问谁住在被确定为优先恢复的地方。虽然恢复需要与当地人民合作，并遵守他们的法律和习俗2，但斯特拉斯堡等人1对生活在被确定为恢复优先事项的土地上的人民说得很少。许多被确定为高度优先恢复的地区目前用于种植作物或牲畜，并受到复杂的法律的结构的管理，其中包括土著人民公认和未被承认的权利。受影响的人数和对农业市场的影响可能很大：2.95亿人生活在以前被确定为“森林恢复机会”的土地上。4.当恢复活动不考虑现有的土地使用做法或人们的法律的权利时，它们有可能破坏生计和粮食安全，使人们离开自己的土地，造成侵犯人权行为，并损害长期的保护利益5，6。如果恢复工作与当地利益相一致，恢复不用于生计的土地，或者恢复工作涉及农林等方法，可以维持自然生态系统的某些要素，同时支持生计，则恢复工作可能对养护和生计产生持续的积极影响。尽管如此，Strassburg等人选择将“转换”土地的生物量和土壤碳储存与“原始生态系统”和“定居前条件”的模型进行比较。这种模式的选择意味着恢复涉及到移除人，而最近的研究表明，恢复目标通常可以在继续进行的同时实现。
The maps and analysis by Strassburg et al. 1 should not be used by policy-makers in their current form, because of the risk of displacing marginalized people, compromising food security and undermining democratic processes. Their analysis was based on normative choices to value (that is, to optimize) relationships among biodiversity potential, carbon storage potential and cost effectiveness, without considering the well-being and rights of people who live in areas identified as restoration priorities, nor the implementation costs of changing land use. Although it may be informative to map the joint distribution of biodiversity, carbon and commodity prices, the absence of important socioeconomic values obscures both the costs and benefits to the Indigenous, forest-dependent and rural people who are directly affected by restoration interventions. We pose three cautionary questions that we believe must be answered before the maps produced by Strassburg et al. 1 are used by decision-makers to motivate and implement restoration-promoting land-use policies. The first question we pose is to ask who lives in the places identified as restoration priorities. Although restoration requires collaboration with local people as well as compliance with their laws and customs 2, Strassburg et al. 1 say little about the people living on the land identified as restoration priorities. Many of the areas identified as high priority for restoration are currently used for crops or livestock, and are governed by complicated legal structures that include recognized and unrecognized rights of Indigenous people 3. The number of people affected and the impact on agricultural markets is likely to be large: 295 million people live on land previously identified as ‘forest-restoration opportunities’4. Many of these people are Indigenous and/or hold insecure land tenure 4.When restoration activities do not consider the existing land-use practices or legal rights of people, they risk undermining livelihoods and food security, displacing people from their lands, creating human-rights abuses and compromising long-term conservation benefits 5, 6. Restoration might have sustained positive effects on conservation and livelihoods when implemented in concert with local interests to restore land that is not used for livelihoods, or when restoration involves approaches such as agroforestry, which can maintain some elements of natural ecosystems while supporting livelihoods 6. Nonetheless, Strassburg et al. 1 chose to compare the biomass and soil carbon stocks of ‘converted’lands to a model of ‘old-growth ecosystems’ and ‘pre-settlement conditions’. This modelling choice implies that restoration involves removing people, whereas recent research shows that restoration goals can often be achieved alongside continued
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影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Erbaugh, J. T.;Pradhan, N.;Chhatre, A.
通讯作者：
Chhatre, A.
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Kumar, B. Mohan
通讯作者：
Kumar, B. Mohan
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1717072115
发表时间：
2018-02
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pedro Pellegrini;R. Fernández
通讯作者：
Pedro Pellegrini;R. Fernández
实现全球保护区目标的恢复优先事项
影响因子：
8.5
作者：
B. Mappin;A. Chauvenet;V. Adams;Moreno Di Marco;H. Beyer;O. Venter;B. Halpern;H. Possingham;J. Watson
通讯作者：
J. Watson
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1908433116
发表时间：
2019-12-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Coleman, Eric A.;Manyindo, Jacob;Schultz, Bill
通讯作者：
Schultz, Bill