Reasoning and Dyslexia: is Visual Memory a Compensatory Resource?
Reasoning and Dyslexia: is Visual Memory a Compensatory Resource?
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DOI：
10.1002/dys.1483
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Handley, Simon J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bacon, Alison M.;Handley, Simon J.
有效的推理是解决问题和在教育和就业方面取得成就的基础。先前的研究表明，有阅读障碍的人使用基于视觉心理表征的推理策略，而非阅读障碍者使用抽象的语言策略。本研究从实验和个体差异的角度提出了趋同的证据。在实验1中，诵读困难和非诵读困难的参与者同样准确的推理问题，但分数的视觉记忆能力的措施，只预测推理的准确性诵读困难。实验2中，一个次要任务加载视觉记忆资源的同时推理。阅读障碍者在高记忆负荷条件下推理时的准确性显着降低，随后回忆视觉刺激的能力降低，这表明记忆和推理任务正在争夺相同的视觉认知资源。结果是一致的解释的基础上的语言和执行组件的工作记忆障碍和使用补偿性视觉推理策略的限制。无论是在教育、就业还是不太正式的日常环境中，不容易支持视觉思维的认知活动都会受到影响。版权所有（c）2014约翰威利父子有限公司
Effective reasoning is fundamental to problem solving and achievement in education and employment. Protocol studies have previously suggested that people with dyslexia use reasoning strategies based on visual mental representations, whereas non-dyslexics use abstract verbal strategies. This research presents converging evidence from experimental and individual differences perspectives. In Experiment 1, dyslexic and non-dyslexic participants were similarly accurate on reasoning problems, but scores on a measure of visual memory ability only predicted reasoning accuracy for dyslexics. In Experiment 2, a secondary task loaded visual memory resources during concurrent reasoning. Dyslexics were significantly less accurate when reasoning under conditions of high memory load and showed reduced ability to subsequently recall the visual stimuli, suggesting that the memory and reasoning tasks were competing for the same visual cognitive resource. The results are consistent with an explanation based on limitations in the verbal and executive components of working memory in dyslexia and the use of compensatory visual strategies for reasoning. There are implications for cognitive activities that do not readily support visual thinking, whether in education, employment or less formal everyday settings. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.