Vegetation change and human impacts on Rebun Island (Northwest Pacific) over the last 6000 years
Vegetation change and human impacts on Rebun Island (Northwest Pacific) over the last 6000 years
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.011
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
C. Leipe;S. Müller;Konrad Hille;Hirofumi Kato;F. Kobe;M. Schmidt;Konrad Seyffert;R. Spengler;Mayke Wagner;A. Weber;P. Tarasov
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. Leipe;S. Müller;Konrad Hille;Hirofumi Kato;F. Kobe;M. Schmidt;Konrad Seyffert;R. Spengler;Mayke Wagner;A. Weber;P. Tarasov
本研究提供了来自Kushu湖（45°25 ' 58″N, 141°02 ' 05″E）的高分辨率、年代学约束良好的花粉记录，以及来自附近Hamanaka 2考古遗址的考古植物遗迹记录。花粉记录表明持续的长期降温，这与北半球夏季日晒的减少相似。这一冷却趋势被几次向较冷条件的快速转变（约5540/5350、1550和390 cal BP）和一次明显的10年尺度的冷事件覆盖，大约在4130 cal BP左右。一方面，这些变化对应于主要的半球或全球尺度的气候转变/事件，包括“全新世气候转变”、“黑暗时代冷期”主阶段的开始、“小冰期”和“4.2千年事件”。另一方面，这些转变部分与北海道史前文化序列的转变相吻合，包括中绳文（约5000 cal BP）的开始，中/晚期绳文过渡（约4000 cal BP），鄂霍次克文化群体的移民（约1500 cal BP），以及经典阿伊努文化的建立（约350 cal BP）。对滨中2号烧焦的大型植物遗骸进行的AMS放射性碳测年表明，从公元前390-50年、420-970年和1640年开始，分别对应于北海道北部的外绳纹（公元前300-100年）、鄂霍次克（公元前500-1000年）和经典阿伊努（公元前1600-1868年）文化阶段。虽然在外皮绳纹时期对岛屿自然环境的影响（森林砍伐）很小，但在鄂霍次克和经典阿伊努文化时期，它变得非常重要。
This study presents a high-resolution, chronologically well-constrained pollen record from Lake Kushu (45°25′58″N, 141°02′05″E) and a record of archaeobotanical remains from the nearby Hamanaka 2 archaeological site. The pollen record suggests continuous long-term cooling, which parallels the decline in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. This cooling trend is overlaid by several rather quick transitions towards cooler conditions (ca. 5540/5350, 1550, and 390 cal BP) and one distinct decadal-scale cold event around 4130 cal BP. These shifts, on one hand, correspond with major hemispherical or global-scale climate transitions/events, including the ‘Holocene Climate Transition’, the onset of the ‘Dark Ages Cold Period’ main phase, the ‘Little Ice Age’, and the ‘4.2 kiloyear event’, respectively. On the other hand, the shifts partly coincide with transformations in the Hokkaido prehistoric cultural sequence including the onset of the Middle Jomon (ca. 5000 cal BP), the Middle/Late Jomon transition (ca. 4000 cal BP), the immigration of Okhotsk culture groups (from ca. 1500 cal BP), and the establishment of the Classic Ainu culture (ca. 350 cal BP). AMS radiocarbon dating of charred macrobotanical remains from Hamanaka 2 suggests three discontinuous occupational periods ca. 390–50 BCE, 420–970 CE, and from 1640 CE, which correspond to the northern Hokkaido Epi Jomon (ca. 300–100 BCE), Okhotsk (ca. 500–1000 CE), and Classic Ainu (ca. 1600–1868 CE) cultural phases, respectively. While impact on the island's natural environments (forest clearance) was marginal during the Epi Jomon phase, it became significant during the Okhotsk and the Classic Ainu culture phases.