Season and landscape composition affect pollen foraging distances and habitat use of honey bees
Season and landscape composition affect pollen foraging distances and habitat use of honey bees
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DOI：
10.1890/15-1840.1
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danner, Nadja;Molitor, Anna Maria;Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
蜜蜂(Apis Melvena L.)在觅食距离上表现出很大的差异，并使用广泛的植物物种作为花粉资源，即使在农业集约化的地区也是如此。然而，目前尚不清楚大规模开花作物如油菜(Brassica napus；OSR)面积的增加或半自然生境(SNH)的减少如何改变蜜蜂群体花粉资源的时空可用性，从而在不同的生境类型中觅食距离和频率。我们研究了16个独立坡度的农业景观中蜜蜂群体的花粉觅食，这些景观的OSR和SNH面积在2公里以内，并使用摇摆舞和主要土地覆盖类型的数字地理地图在景观水平上揭示距离和访问的栖息地类型。解码的1347只蜜蜂的平均花粉觅食距离为1015m(+/-26m；扫描电子显微镜)。在春季，在2公里范围内开花的OSR面积增加，平均花粉觅食距离从1324m减少到435m。夏季，SNH靠近蜂群的区域(半径200m)的覆盖度增加，平均花粉觅食距离从846 m减少到469m。每种生境类型的花粉觅食频率(以每小时和公顷的舞动次数衡量)在SNH、草地和OSR田块中同样高，但对其他作物和森林来说较低。在SNH所占比例较小的景观中，SNH上的取粉者密度显著较高，这表明在这种简单的农业景观中，花粉资源更加有限。总体而言，SNH和大开花作物可以减少不同规模和不同季节的蜜蜂群体的觅食距离，这可能有利于蜜蜂群体的表现。此外，SNH比例较高的混合农业景观减少了SNH中蜜蜂的觅食密度，因此可能会竞争花粉资源。
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) show a large variation in foraging distances and use a broad range of plant species as pollen resources, even in regions with intensive agriculture. However, it is unknown how increasing areas of mass-flowering crops like oilseed rape (Brassica napus; OSR) or a decrease of seminatural habitats (SNH) change the temporal and spatial availability of pollen resources for honey bee colonies, and thus foraging distances and frequency in different habitat types. We studied pollen foraging of honey bee colonies in 16 agricultural landscapes with independent gradients of OSR and SNH area within 2 km and used waggle dances and digital geographic maps with major land cover types to reveal the distance and visited habitat type on a landscape level. Mean pollen foraging distance of 1347 decoded bee dances was 1015 m (+/- 26 m; SEM). In spring, increasing area of flowering OSR within 2 km reduced mean pollen foraging distances from 1324 m to only 435 m. In summer, increasing cover of SNH areas close to the colonies (within 200 m radius) reduced mean pollen foraging distances from 846 to 469 m. Frequency of pollen foragers per habitat type, measured as the number of dances per hour and hectare, was equally high for SNH, grassland, and OSR fields, but lower for other crops and forests. In landscapes with a small proportion of SNH a significantly higher density of pollen foragers on SNH was observed, indicating that pollen resources in such simple agricultural landscapes are more limited. Overall, we conclude that SNH and mass-flowering crops can reduce foraging distances of honey bee colonies at different scales and seasons with possible benefits for the performance of honey bee colonies. Further, mixed agricultural landscapes with a high proportion of SNH reduce foraging densities of honey bees in SNH and thus possible competition for pollen resources.