3D MICROANATOMY OF A GASTROPOD 'WORM', RHODOPE ROUSEI N. SP (HETEROBRANCHIA) FROM SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA
3D MICROANATOMY OF A GASTROPOD 'WORM', RHODOPE ROUSEI N. SP (HETEROBRANCHIA) FROM SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA
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DOI：
10.1093/mollus/eyr028
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Schroedl, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brenzinger, Bastian;Wilson, Nerida G.;Schroedl, Michael
160多年来，像Turbellarian-like，缺乏齿舌的Rhodope一直是分类学家的一个谜，被认为是后鳃或肺状真神经的一个特殊分支。偶尔报告从潮间带沃茨和沙滩栖息地从所有大陆，这些微小的蛞蝓的大多数物种知之甚少，其特点主要是不同的色素沉着。为了了解异枝微蛞蝓的进化，我们建立了一个形态数据集Rhodope描述一个新的物种在澳大利亚南部的温带沃茨。为了建立一个标准的rhodopids，所有主要器官系统的R。鲁塞;利用Amira软件从一系列半薄切片中进行三维重建。显微解剖证实了许多一般腹足动物的功能，如脚，头触角，壳，齿舌，外套腔，鳃和心脏的损失。排泄和消化系统严重改变，游离红细胞位于心脏的假定位置，次级颊球取代了退化咽的功能。单茎但雌雄同体的生殖系统的结构细节表明，皮肤受精通过精囊形成专门的腺体。高度集中的中枢神经系统相比，其他物种的属和目标的所有可检测的神经进行了总结。这些字符进行了比较与其他间质腹足类所示的适应。
The turbellarian-like, radula-lacking Rhodope has been a mystery to taxonomists for over 160 years and was considered a specialized off-shoot of either opisthobranch or pulmonate Euthyneura. Occasionally reported from intertidal waters and sand habitats from all continents, most species of these minute slugs are poorly known and characterized mainly by differences in pigmentation. To understand the evolution of heterobranch microslugs, we established a morphological dataset for Rhodope by describing a new species found in the temperate waters of southern Australia. To set a standard for rhodopids, all major organ systems of R. rousei n. sp. are reconstructed three-dimensionally from series of semithin sections using the software Amira. Microanatomy confirms the loss of many general gastropod features such as foot, cephalic tentacles, shell, radula, mantle cavity, gill and heart. Excretory and digestive systems are heavily modified, with free rhogocytes in the presumed position of the heart, and a secondary buccal bulb replacing the function of the vestigial pharynx. Structural details of the monaulic but hermaphroditic genital system suggest cutaneous fertilization via spermatophores formed in specialized glands. The highly concentrated central nervous system is compared to those of other species of the genus and targets of all detectable nerves are summarized. These characters are compared with adaptations shown by other interstitial gastropods.