Responses of plant, insect and spider biodiversity to local and landscape scale management intensity in cereal crops and grasslands
Responses of plant, insect and spider biodiversity to local and landscape scale management intensity in cereal crops and grasslands
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2011.10.018
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Tscharntke, Teja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batary, Peter;Holzschuh, Andrea;Tscharntke, Teja
本研究的目的是确定景观规模管理强度、农业生态系统类型、当地管理强度和边缘对植物、步甲甲虫、蜘蛛和蚱蜢等功能类群多样性模式的相对影响。选择了九个景观，其集约利用农业面积（IAA）百分比不同，每个景观都有一对有机和传统冬麦田以及一对有机和传统割草草地。在田地内，对边缘和内部的植物进行了调查。步甲甲虫和蜘蛛被漏斗陷阱捕获，而草地上的蚱蜢则被扫网捕获。研究生物的多样性模式受到当地变量（当地管理、农业生态系统类型和田间位置）和景观规模管理强度的影响。草类的物种丰富度（可能是由于播种低多样性混合物）和狩猎蜘蛛随着 IAA 覆盖百分比的降低而减少。草地与麦田的不同之处在于，草地的杂草和禾本科植物物种丰富度更高，狩猎蜘蛛的密度也更高。相比之下，在麦田中捕获了更多的步甲个体，尤其是非食肉动物物种。在田地边缘，由于管理强度降低和移民增加，植物、步甲和蜘蛛的物种丰富度高于内陆地区，无论农业生态系统类型和管理如何。有机管理提高了两种农业生态系统类型的原草丰富度和覆盖度。有机管理还增加了麦田的草覆盖率，但没有增加草地的草覆盖率，并促进了非食肉动物步甲和狩猎蜘蛛的物种丰富度，但没有提高蚱蜢的物种丰富度。结果表明，农业环境管理需要针对农业生态系统的田地规模，因为边缘面积越大，物种丰富度越高。有机管理对几个功能类群（杂草类、非食肉动物步甲、狩猎蜘蛛）产生积极影响，而较低的景观规模管理强度只会增加草和蜘蛛的物种丰富度。功能群体对当地谷物和草地以及景观管理的反应存在巨大差异，这表明农业环境计划实施更大规模和群体的具体目标，以提高其效率。 (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of landscape scale management intensity, agroecosystem type, local management intensity and edges on diversity patterns of functional groups of plants, carabid beetles, spiders and grasshoppers. Nine landscapes were selected differing in percent intensively used agricultural area (IAA), each with a pair of organic and conventional winter wheat fields and a pair of organic and conventional mown meadows. Within fields, plants were surveyed in the edge and in the interior. Carabid beetles and spiders were captured by funnel traps, while grasshoppers were sweep-netted in the meadows. Diversity patterns of study organisms were affected both by local variables (local management. agroecosystem type and within-field position) and by landscape scale management intensity. Species richness of grasses, presumably because of sowing low-diversity mixtures, and hunting spiders decreased with percent cover of IAA. Meadows differed from wheat fields in that they had higher species richness of forbs and grasses, as well as higher densities of hunting spiders. In contrast, more carabid individuals, especially of non-carnivore species, were captured in wheat fields. In field edges with their reduced management intensity and increased immigration, species richness of plants, carabids and spiders was higher than in the interiors regardless of agroecosystem type and management. Organic management enhanced forb richness and cover in both agroecosystem types. Organic management also increased grass cover in wheat fields, but not in meadows, and promoted species richness of non-carnivore carabids and hunting spiders, but not grasshoppers. The results show that agri-environmental management needs to be targeted to the agroecosystem's field size, because higher edge area led to higher species richness. Organic management affected several functional groups positively (forbs, non-carnivore carabids, hunting spiders), while lower landscape scale management intensity only increased species richness of grasses and spiders. The great differences in responses of functional groups to local cereal and grassland as well as landscape management suggest implementing more scale and group specific targets for agri-environmental schemes to improve their efficiency. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.