HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects.
HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156862
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
微生物群对免疫发展、对病原体的防御和炎症的调节是必不可少的。微生物失调在包括人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)在内的各种疾病中都有报道。值得注意的是，据报道，艾滋病毒携带者(PLWH)的OUD比率和阿片类药物的使用率都高于普通公众。因此，研究HIV携带者和OUD携带者肠道微生物的变化可以阐明与这些条件如何塑造以及如何被微生物群塑造有关的机制。然而，到目前为止，很少有研究调查艾滋病毒和OUD如何共同影响微生物群。在这里，我们回顾了以前的研究，概述了艾滋病毒、阿片类药物的使用和微生物代谢失调之间的相互作用，并描述了通过粪便微生物移植、益生菌和改变饮食来治疗这种微生物失调的尝试。虽然数量有限的研究防止了过度泛化；但越来越多的数据表明，艾滋病毒和阿片类药物的使用共同导致肠道微生物群发生明显变化。在现有的三项关于艾滋病毒和阿片类药物使用的临床前研究中，两项研究报告了拉赫诺螺旋科和反刍球菌科的减少，一项研究报告了与单独使用艾滋病毒、单独使用阿片或对照组相比，联合使用艾滋病毒和阿片类药物组中的小鼠杆菌科减少。已知这些细菌可以调节免疫功能，减少结肠炎症，并保持健康个体的肠道上皮屏障完整性。因此，可以尝试调节肠道微生物群以恢复肠道内环境平衡，以改善这两种情况。虽然在PLWH或阿片类药物依赖者中使用微生物修复治疗微生物失调的结果喜忧参半，但更大规模、定义明确的研究可以改善微生物在宿主中的植入，这一点很有希望，仍应探索。
The microbiome is essential to immune development, defense against pathogens, and modulation of inflammation. Microbial dysbiosis has been reported in various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to both have higher rates of OUD and use opioids at higher rates than the general public. Thus, studying gut microbial alterations in people living with HIV and with OUD could elucidate mechanisms pertaining to how these conditions both shape and are shaped by the microbiome. However, to date few studies have investigated how HIV and OUD in combination impact the microbiome. Here, we review previous studies outlining interactions between HIV, opioid use, and microbial dysbiosis and describe attempts to treat this dysbiosis with fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, and dietary changes. While the limited number of studies prevent overgeneralizations; accumulating data suggest that HIV and opioid use together induce distinct alterations in the gut microbiome. Among the three existing preclinical studies of HIV and opioid use, two studies reported a decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and one study reported a decrease in Muribaculaceae in the combined HIV and opioid group relative to HIV-alone, opioid-alone, or control groups. These bacteria are known to modulate immune function, decrease colonic inflammation, and maintain gut epithelial barrier integrity in healthy individuals. Accordingly, modulation of the gut microbiome to restore gut homeostasis may be attempted to improve both conditions. While mixed results exist regarding treating dysbiosis with microbial restoration in PLWH or in those with opioid dependency, larger well-defined studies that can improve microbial engraftment in hosts hold much promise and should still be explored.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Malazogu F;Rousseau RK;Shivappa N;Huibner S;Walmsley SL;Kovacs CM;Benko E;Reinhard RJ;Rosenes R;Hebert JR;Kaul R
通讯作者：
Kaul R