Hidden robbers: The role of fungal haustoria in parasitism of plants
Hidden robbers: The role of fungal haustoria in parasitism of plants
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.151262398
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发表时间：
2001-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
L. Szabo;W. Bushnell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Szabo;W. Bushnell
生物营养真菌在与植物的关系中发展了一系列的“生活方式”，从互惠到寄生。泡囊-丛枝菌根真菌与其植物宿主的根形成互惠关系，其中真菌从植物获得糖并提供磷酸盐和其他矿物质作为回报。在另一个极端，白粉病和锈菌形成专性寄生关系，宿主植物成为糖，氨基酸和其他营养素的来源。这些寄生虫在植物细胞内发育一个专门的器官，吸器（图1），用于将营养物质从宿主细胞转移到真菌叶状体。吸器被认为有一个关键的作用，这些寄生虫的能力，与发展中的植物的光合同化物和其他营养物质的竞争，但基本的问题仍然关于吸器的功能。这些问题包括：运输的主要营养物质是什么？运输中涉及哪些机制？吸器-宿主细胞界面的各个组成部分是如何促进营养流的？总的来说，吸器的功能与宿主和寄生虫之间的生物营养关系有什么关系？Voegele等人（1）在本期PNAS上发表的论文通过表征位于吸器-宿主界面的糖转运蛋白提供了一个重要进展。
Biotrophic fungi have developed a range of “life styles” in their relationship with plants from the mutualistic to the parasitic. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic relationships with the roots of their plant hosts, in which the fungus obtains sugars from the plant and provides phosphates and other minerals in return. At the other extreme, powdery mildew and rust fungi form an obligately parasitic relationship in which the host plant becomes a source for sugars, amino acids, and other nutrients. These parasites develop a specialized organ, the haustorium (Fig. 1) within plant cells for transfer of nutrients from host cell to fungal thallus. The haustorium is assumed to have a key role in the ability of these parasites to compete with the developing plant for photoassimilates and other nutrients but basic questions remain regarding the function of the haustorium. These include: What are the major nutrients transported? What mechanisms are involved in the transport? How do individual components of the haustorium–host cell interface contribute to nutrient flow? And overall, how does haustorial function relate to the biotrophic relationship between host and parasite? The paper by Voegele et al. (1) in this issue of PNAS provides an important advance by characterizing a sugar transporter located at the haustorium–host interface.