Fine particulate matter (PM2.5/PM1.0) in Beijing, China: Variations and chemical compositions as well as sources
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5/PM1.0) in Beijing, China: Variations and chemical compositions as well as sources
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中国北京细颗粒物（PM2.5/PM1.0）：变化、化学成分及来源
DOI：
10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.014
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Tian Hezhong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo Lining;Bai Xiaoxuan;Liu Shuhan;Wu Bobo;Liu Wei;Lv Yunqian;Guo Zhihui;Lin Shumin;Zhao Shuang;Hao Yan;Hao Jiming;Zhang Kai;Zheng Aihua;Tian Hezhong
颗粒物（即，PM1.0和PM2.5是大气中的主要污染物，通过其化学组成对能见度、全球气候和人类健康产生负面影响。然而，在2013年至2017年期间，我们对北京PM及其化学成分的了解在当前大气环境下仍然不完整。通过更好地描述北京PM污染和化学成分，连续测量对于进一步改善空气质量至关重要。在这里，我们在2018-2019年期间对北京的PM进行了同步测量。结果表明，PM1.0和PM2.5年均浓度分别为35.49 ± 18.61 μg/m3和66.58 ± 60.17 μg/m3，对排放控制有积极响应。硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵（SNA）的贡献随着PM负荷的升高而增强，并成为污染事件的主要贡献者。春季PM1.0和PM2.5之间的化学形态差异表明，沙尘颗粒物在1-2.5 µm范围内有聚集的趋势。污染事件发生伴随着偏南的集群和高SNA的形成，在夏季和冬季的非均质反应。正矩阵分解（PMF）和潜在源贡献函数（PSCF）模型的结果表明，北京市潜在污染源的分布具有季节性，与以往研究相比，北京市潜在污染源的分布主要集中在次级污染源和机动车污染源。本研究对北京市大气颗粒物及其来源进行了连续调查，为进一步控制大气颗粒物排放提供了依据，同时也为发展中国家其他城市提供了参考。
Particulate matter (i.e., PM1.0and PM2.5), considered as the key atmospheric pollutants, exerts negative effects on visibility, global climate, and human health by associated chemical compositions. However, our understanding of PM and its chemical compositions in Beijing under the current atmospheric environment is still not complete after witnessing marked alleviation during 2013–2017. Continuous measurements can be crucial for further air quality improvement by better characterizing PM pollution and chemical compositions in Beijing. Here, we conducted simultaneous measurements on PM in Beijing during 2018–2019. Results indicate that annual mean PM1.0and PM2.5concentrations were 35.49 ± 18.61 µg/m3and 66.58 ± 60.17 µg/m3, showing a positive response to emission controls. The contribution of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) played an enhanced role with elevated PM loading and acted as the main contributors to pollution episodes. Discrepancies observed among chemical species between PM1.0and PM2.5in spring suggest that sand particles trend to accumulate in the range of 1–2.5 µm. Pollution episodes occurred accompanied with southerly clusters and high formation of SNA by heterogeneous reactions in summer and winter, respectively. Results from positive matrix factorization (PMF) combined with potential source contribution function (PSCF) models showed that potential areas were seasonal dependent, secondary and vehicular sources became much more important compared with previous studies in Beijing. Our study presented a continuous investigation on PM and sources origins in Beijing, which provides a better understanding for further emission control as well as a reference for other cities in developing countries.